Cannabinoids Facilitate the Swallowing Reflex Elicited by the Superior Laryngeal Nerve Stimulation in Rats 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Cannabinoids Facilitate the Swallowing Reflex Elicited by the Superior Laryngeal Nerve Stimulation in Rats 英文参考文献.doc

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Cannabinoids Facilitate the Swallowing Reflex Elicited by the Superior Laryngeal Nerve Stimulation in Rats 英文参考文献

CannabinoidsFacilitatetheSwallowingReflexElicitedby theSuperiorLaryngealNerveStimulationinRats RahmanMd.Mostafeezur.,HossainMd.Zakir.,HanakoTakatsuji,YoshiakiYamada, KensukeYamamura,JunichiKitagawa* DivisionofOralPhysiology,DepartmentofOralBiologicalScience,NiigataUniversityGraduateSchoolofMedicalandDentalSciences,Niigata,Japan Abstract Cannabinoidshavebeenreportedtobeinvolvedinaffectingvariousbiologicalfunctionsthroughbindingwithcannabinoid receptors type 1 (CB1) and 2 (CB2). The present study was designed to investigate whether swallowing, an essential componentoffeedingbehavior,ismodulatedaftertheadministrationofcannabinoid.Theswallowingreflexevokedbythe repetitiveelectricalstimulationofthesuperiorlaryngealnerveinratswasrecordedbeforeandaftertheadministrationof thecannabinoidreceptoragonist,WIN55-212-2(WIN),withorwithoutCB1orCB2antagonist.Theonsetlatencyofthefirst swallow andthe time intervals between swallows wereanalyzed. Theonset latency andtheintervals between swallows wereshorteraftertheintravenousadministrationofWIN,andthestrengthofeffectofWINwasdose-dependent.Although theintravenousadministrationofCB1antagonistpriortointravenousadministrationofWINblockedtheeffectofWIN,the administrationofCB2antagonistdidnotblocktheeffectofWIN.ThemicroinjectionoftheCB1receptorantagonistdirectly into the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) prior to intravenous administration of WIN also blocked the effect of WIN. Immunofluorescence histochemistry was conducted to assess the co-localization of CB1 receptor immunoreactivity to glutamicaciddecarboxylase67(GAD67) orglutamateintheNTS.CB1receptorwasco-localizedmorewithGAD67than glutamate in the NTS. These findings suggest that cannabinoids facilitate the swallowing reflex via CB1 receptors. CannabinoidsmayattenuatethetonicinhibitoryeffectofGABA(gamma-aminobutericacid)neuronsinthecentralpattern generatorforswallowing. Citation:MostafeezurRMd,ZakirHMd,TakatsujiH,YamadaY,YamamuraK,etal.(2012)CannabinoidsFacilitatetheSwallowingReflex