Cell Wall Ingrowths in Nematode Induced Syncytia Require UGD2 and UGD3 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Cell Wall Ingrowths in Nematode Induced Syncytia Require UGD2 and UGD3 英文参考文献.doc

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Cell Wall Ingrowths in Nematode Induced Syncytia Require UGD2 and UGD3 英文参考文献

CellWallIngrowthsinNematodeInducedSyncytia RequireUGD2andUGD3 ShahidSiddique1¤,MiroslawSobczak2,RaimundTenhaken3,FlorianM.W.Grundler1¤, HolgerBohlmann1* 1DivisionofPlantProtection,DepartmentofCropSciences,UniversityofNaturalResourcesandLifeSciences,Vienna,Austria,2DepartmentofBotany,WarsawUniversity ofLifeSciences(SGGW),Warsaw,Poland,3DivisionofPlantPhysiology,UniversityofSalzburg,Salzburg,Austria Abstract The cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii infects roots of Arabidopsis plants and establishes feeding sites called syncytia, which are the only nutrient source for nematodes. Development of syncytia is accompanied by changes in cell wall structures including the development of cell wall ingrowths. UDP-glucuronic acid is a precursor of several cell wall polysaccharides andcanbe producedby UDP-glucosedehydrogenasethrough oxidationofUDP-glucose.Fourgenesin Arabidopsisencodethisenzyme.Promoter::GUSanalysisrevealedthatUGD2andUGD3wereexpressedinsyncytiaasearly as 1dpi while expression of UGD1 and UGD4 could only be detected starting at 2dpi. Infection assays showed no differencesbetweenDugd1andDugd4singlemutantsandwildtypeplantsconcerningnumbersofmalesandfemalesand the size of syncytia and cysts. On single mutants of Dugd2 and Dugd3, however, less and smaller females, and smaller syncytiaformedcomparedtowildtypeplants.ThedoublemutantDDugd23hadastrongereffectthanthesinglemutants. ThesedataindicatethatUGD2andUGD3butnotUGD1andUGD4areimportantforsyncytiumdevelopment.Wetherefore studiedtheultrastructureofsyncytiaintheDDugd23doublemutant.Syncytiacontainedanelectrontranslucentcytoplasm withdegeneratedcellularorganellesandnumeroussmallvacuolesinsteadofthedensecytoplasmasinsyncytiadeveloping inwildtyperoots. Typicalcellwallingrowthsweremissinginthe DDugd23doublemutant.Thereforeweconcludethat UGD2andUGD3areneededfortheproductionofcellwallingrowthsinsyncytiaandthattheirlackleadstoareducedhost suitabilityforH.schachtiiresultinginsmallersyncytia,lowernumberofdevelopingnematodes,a