Diagnostic Features of Emotional Expressions Are Processed Preferentially 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Diagnostic Features of Emotional Expressions Are Processed Preferentially 英文参考文献.doc

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Diagnostic Features of Emotional Expressions Are Processed Preferentially 英文参考文献

DiagnosticFeaturesofEmotionalExpressionsAre ProcessedPreferentially ElisaScheller1,ChristianBu¨chel2,MatthiasGamer2* 1DepartmentofPsychiatryandPsychotherapy,UniversityMedicalCenterFreiburg,Freiburg,Germany,2DepartmentofSystemsNeuroscience,UniversityMedicalCenter Hamburg-Eppendorf,Hamburg,Germany Abstract Diagnostic features of emotional expressions are differentially distributed across the face. The current study examined whetherthesediagnosticfeaturesarepreferentiallyattendedtoevenwhentheyareirrelevantforthetaskathandorwhen facesappearatdifferentlocationsinthevisualfield.Tothisaim,fearful,happyandneutralfaceswerepresentedtohealthy individuals in two experiments while measuring eye movements. In Experiment 1, participants had to accomplish an emotion classification, a gender discrimination or a passive viewing task. To differentiate fast, potentially reflexive, eye movementsfromamoreelaboratescanningoffaces,stimuliwereeitherpresentedfor150or2000ms.InExperiment2, similar faces were presented at different spatial positions to rule out the possibility that eye movements only reflect a generalbiasforcertainvisualfieldlocations.Inbothexperiments,participantsfixatedtheeyeregionmuchlongerthanany otherregionintheface.Furthermore,theeyeregionwasattendedtomorepronouncedlywhenfearfulorneutralfaces wereshownwhereasmoreattentionwasdirectedtowardthemouthofhappyfacialexpressions.Sincetheseresultswere similar across the other experimental manipulations, they indicate that diagnostic features of emotional expressions are preferentiallyprocessedirrespectiveoftaskdemandsandspatiallocations.Saliencyanalysesrevealedthatacomputational modelofbottom-upvisualattentioncouldnotexplaintheseresults.Furthermore,asthesegazepreferenceswereevident veryearlyafterstimulusonsetandoccurredevenwhensaccadesdidnotallowforextractingfurtherinformationfromthese stimuli,theymayreflectapreattentivemechanismthatautomaticallydetectsrelevantfacialfeaturesinthevisualfieldand facilitatestheorientationofattention