Determining Origins and Causes of Childhood Obesity via Mendelian Randomization Analysis 英文参考文献.docVIP

Perspectives Determining Origins and Causes of Childhood Obesity via Mendelian Randomization Analysis Eric L. Ding, Frank B. Hu * C hildhood obesity has become a serious public health problem worldwide. The United States Linked Research Article ages nine to 11 was stronger among mother–offspring pairs than among father–offspring pairs. This ?nding suggests that the maternal in?uence on offspring adiposity extends beyond genetic contributions alone—providing some support to the developmental overnutrition hypothesis. However, such evidence for this hypothesis is indirect, as the ?ndings could be explained by the in?uence of other maternally predominant factors such as breast-feeding. Therefore, Lawlor and colleagues undertook a second, more sophisticated analysis using a previously established gene of adult and This Perspective discusses the following new study published inPLoS Medicine: Lawlor DA, Timpson NJ, Harbord RM, Leary S, Ness A, et al. (2008) Exploring the developmental overnutrition hypothesis using parental–offspring associations andFTO as an instrumental variable. PLoS Med 5(3): e33. doi:10.1371/journal. pmed.0050033 Using parental–offspring associations and theFTO gene as an instrumental variable for maternal adiposity, Debbie Lawlor and colleagues found that greater maternal BMI during offspring development does not appear to have a marked effect on offspring fat mass at age 9–11. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that one in three children and adolescents are currently overweight/obese [1]. The adverse complications of childhood obesity on physical health and psychosocial development are tremendous [2]. Moreover, pediatric obesity may substantially increase future burden of cardiovascular disease and other morbidities in adulthood [3,4]. Developmental Overnutrition Hypothesis childhood obesity, the FTO gene [6], as an “instrument” of maternal obesity (a marker for the in utero environment) via a Mendelian randomization (MR) anal