Differential Selection on Carotenoid Biosynthesis Genes as a Function of Gene Position in the Metabolic Pathway A Study on the Carrot and Dicots 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Differential Selection on Carotenoid Biosynthesis Genes as a Function of Gene Position in the Metabolic Pathway A Study on the Carrot and Dicots 英文参考文献.doc

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Differential Selection on Carotenoid Biosynthesis Genes as a Function of Gene Position in the Metabolic Pathway A Study on the Carrot and Dicots 英文参考文献

DifferentialSelectiononCarotenoidBiosynthesisGenes asaFunctionofGenePositionintheMetabolicPathway: AStudyontheCarrotandDicots Je′re′myClotault1,2,3*,DidierPeltier1,2,3,VanessaSoufflet-Freslon1,2,3,MathildeBriard 1,2,3 , EmmanuelGeoffriau1,2,3 1Universite′ d’Angers,UMR1345InstitutdeRechercheenHorticultureetSemences,PRESL’UNAM,Angers,France,2AgrocampusOuest,UMR1345InstitutdeRecherche enHorticultureetSemences,Angers,France,3INRA,UMR1345InstitutdeRechercheenHorticultureetSemences,Beaucouze′,France Abstract Background:Selectionofgenesinvolvedinmetabolicpathwayscouldtargetthemdifferentlydependingonthepositionof genes in the pathway and on their role in controlling metabolic fluxes. This hypothesis was tested in the carotenoid biosynthesispathwayusingpopulationgeneticsandphylogenetics. Methodology/PrincipalFindings:Evolutionaryratesofsevengenesdistributedalongthecarotenoidbiosynthesispathway, IPI, PDS, CRTISO, LCYB, LCYE, CHXE and ZEP, were compared in seven dicot taxa. A survey of deviations from neutrality expectationsatthesegeneswasalsoundertakenincultivatedcarrot(Daucuscarotasubsp.sativus),aspeciesthathasbeen intensely bred for carotenoid pattern diversification in its root during its cultivation history. Parts of sequences of these geneswereobtainedfrom46individualsrepresentingawidediversityofcultivatedcarrots.Downstreamgenesexhibited higher deviations from neutral expectations than upstream genes. Comparisons of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitution rates between genes among dicots revealed greater constraints on upstream genes than on downstream genes.Anexcessofintermediatefrequencypolymorphisms,highnucleotidediversityand/orhighdifferentiationofCRTISO, LCYB1 and LCYE in cultivated carrot suggest that balancing selection may have targeted genes acting centrally in the pathway. Conclusions/Significance:Ourresultsareconsistentwithrelaxedconstraintsondownstreamgenesandselectiontargeting thecentralenzymesofthecarotenoidbiosynthesispathwayduringcarrotbreedinghistory