Disgust Sensitivity and the Neurophysiology of Left-Right Political Orientations 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Disgust Sensitivity and the Neurophysiology of Left-Right Political Orientations 英文参考文献.doc

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Disgust Sensitivity and the Neurophysiology of Left-Right Political Orientations 英文参考文献

DisgustSensitivityandtheNeurophysiologyofLeft- RightPoliticalOrientations KevinB.Smith1*,DouglasOxley2,MatthewV.Hibbing3,JohnR.Alford4,JohnR.Hibbing1 1DepartmentofPoliticalScience,UniversityofNebraska-Lincoln,Lincoln,Nebraska,UnitedStatesofAmerica,2DepartmentofPoliticalScience,TexasAMUniversity, CollegeStation,Texas,UnitedStatesofAmerica,3SchoolofSocialSciences,HumanitiesandArts,UniversityofCaliforniaMerced,Merced,California,UnitedStatesof America,4DepartmentofPoliticalScience,RiceUniversity,Houston,Texas,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Disgusthasbeendescribedasthemostprimitiveandcentralofemotions.Thus,itisnotsurprisingthatitshapesbehaviors inavarietyoforganismsandinavarietyofcontexts—includinghomosapienpolitics.Peoplewhobelievetheywouldbe botheredbyarangeofhypotheticaldisgustingsituationsdisplayanincreasedlikelihoodofdisplayingright-of-centerrather thanleft-of-centerpoliticalorientations.Givenitsprimalnatureandessentialvalueinavoidingpathogensdisgustlikelyhas an effect even without registering in conscious beliefs. In this article, we demonstrate that individuals with marked involuntaryphysiologicalresponsestodisgustingimages,suchasofamaneatingalargemouthfulofwrithingworms,are morelikelytoself-identifyasconservativeand,especially,toopposegaymarriagethanareindividualswithmoremuted physiological responses to the same images. This relationship holds even when controlling for the degree to which respondents believe themselves tobe disgust sensitive andsuggests that people’s physiological predispositions help to shapetheirpoliticalorientations. Citation: Smith KB, Oxley D, Hibbing MV, Alford JR, Hibbing JR (2011) Disgust Sensitivity and the Neurophysiology of Left-Right Political Orientations. PLoS ONE6(10):e25552.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025552 Editor:AndreaSerino,UniversityofBologna,Italy ReceivedMay17,2011;AcceptedSeptember6,2011;PublishedOctober19,2011 Copyright: ? 2011 Smith et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons