Disentangling the Roles of Approach, Activation and Valence in Instrumental and Pavlovian Responding 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Disentangling the Roles of Approach, Activation and Valence in Instrumental and Pavlovian Responding 英文参考文献.doc

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Disentangling the Roles of Approach, Activation and Valence in Instrumental and Pavlovian Responding 英文参考文献

DisentanglingtheRolesofApproach,Activationand ValenceinInstrumentalandPavlovianResponding QuentinJ.M.Huys1,2,3*,RoshanCools4,MartinGo¨lzer5,EvaFriedel5,AndreasHeinz5, RaymondJ.Dolan1,PeterDayan2 1WellcomeTrustCentreforNeuroimaging,UniversityCollegeLondon,London,UnitedKingdom,2GatsbyComputationalNeuroscienceUnit,UniversityCollegeLondon, London, United Kingdom, 3Medical School, University College London, London, United Kingdom, 4Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for CognitiveNeuroimaging,RadboudUniversityNijmegen,Nijmegen,Netherlands,5Charite′ Universita¨tsmedizin Berlin,CampusCharite′ Mitte,Berlin,Germany Abstract Hard-wired, Pavlovian, responses elicited by predictions of rewards and punishments exert significant benevolent and malevolent influences over instrumentally-appropriate actions. These influences come in two main groups, defined along anatomical,pharmacological,behaviouralandfunctionallines.Investigationsoftheinfluenceshavesofarconcentratedonthe groupsasawhole;herewetakethecriticalstepoflookinginsideeachgroup,usingadetailedreinforcementlearningmodelto distinguish effects to do with value, specific actions, and general activation or inhibition. We show a high degree of sophistication in Pavlovian influences, with appetitive Pavlovian stimuli specifically promoting approach and inhibiting withdrawal, and aversive Pavlovian stimuli promoting withdrawal and inhibiting approach. These influences account for differencesintheinstrumentalperformanceofapproachandwithdrawalbehaviours.Finally,althoughlossesareasinformative asgains,wefindthatsubjectsneglectlossesintheirinstrumentallearning.OurfindingsargueforaviewofthePavloviansystem asaconstraintorprior,facilitatinglearningbyalleviatingcomputationalcoststhatcomewithincreasedflexibility. Citation:HuysQJM,CoolsR,Go¨lzerM,FriedelE,HeinzA,etal.(2011)DisentanglingtheRolesofApproach,ActivationandValenceinInstrumentalandPavlovian Responding.PLoSComputBiol7(4):e1002028.doi:10.1371/journal.pcb