DNA Barcode Detects High Genetic Structure within Neotropical Bird Species 英文参考文献.docVIP

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DNA Barcode Detects High Genetic Structure within Neotropical Bird Species 英文参考文献.doc

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DNA Barcode Detects High Genetic Structure within Neotropical Bird Species 英文参考文献

DNABarcodeDetectsHighGeneticStructurewithin NeotropicalBirdSpecies ErikaSendraTavares1*,PriscilaGonc?alves2,CristinaYumiMiyaki2,AllanJ.Baker1,3 1Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 2Departamento de Gene′tica e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biocie?ncias, UniversidadedeSa?o Paulo,Sa?o Paulo,Sa?o Paulo,Brazil,3DepartmentofZoology,UniversityofToronto,Toronto,Ontario,Canada Abstract Background: Towards lower latitudes the number of recognized species is not only higher, but also phylogeographic subdivision within species is more pronounced. Moreover, new genetically isolated populations are often described in recentphylogeniesofNeotropicalbirdssuggestingthatthenumberofspeciesintheregionisunderestimated.Previous COIbarcodingofArgentineanbirdspeciesshowedmorecomplexpatternsofregionaldivergenceintheNeotropicalthanin theNorthAmericanavifauna. MethodsandFindings:Hereweanalyzed1,431samplesfrom561differentspeciestoextendtheNeotropicalbirdbarcode surveytolowerlatitudes,anddetectedevenhighergeographicstructurewithinspeciesthanreportedpreviously.About 93% (520) of the species were identified correctly from their DNA barcodes. The remaining 41 species were not monophyletic in their COI sequences because they shared barcode sequences with closely related species (N=21) or contained very divergent clusters suggestive of putative new species embedded within the gene tree (N=20). Deep intraspecificdivergencesoverlappingwithamong-speciesdifferencesweredetectedin48species,oftenwithsamplesfrom largegeographicareasandseveralincludingmultiplesubspecies.Thisstrongpopulationgeneticstructureoftencoincided withbreaksbetweendifferentecoregionsorareasofendemism. Conclusions:Thetaxonomicuncertaintyassociatedwiththehighincidenceofnon-monophyleticspeciesanddiscoveryof putativespeciesobscuresstudiesofhistoricalpatternsofspeciesdiversificationintheNeotropicalregion.Weshowedthat COI barcodes are a valuable tool to indicate which taxa would benefit from m