Driving and Driven Architectures of Directed Small-World Human Brain Functional Networks 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Driving and Driven Architectures of Directed Small-World Human Brain Functional Networks 英文参考文献.doc

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Driving and Driven Architectures of Directed Small-World Human Brain Functional Networks 英文参考文献

DrivingandDrivenArchitecturesofDirected Small-WorldHumanBrainFunctionalNetworks ChaoganYan,YongHe* StateKeyLaboratoryofCognitiveNeuroscienceandLearning,BeijingNormalUniversity,Beijing,China Abstract Recently,increasingattentionhasbeenfocusedontheinvestigationofthehumanbrainconnectomethatdescribesthe patternsofstructuralandfunctionalconnectivitynetworksofthehumanbrain.Manystudiesofthehumanconnectome havedemonstratedthatthebrainnetworkfollowsasmall-worldtopologywithanintrinsicallycohesivemodularstructure andincludesseveralnetwork hubsin themedialparietal regions.However, mostofthese studieshaveonlyfocusedon undirectedconnectionsbetweenregionsinwhichthedirectionsofinformationflowarenottakenintoaccount.Howthe brainregionscausallyinfluenceeachotherandhowthedirectednetworkofhumanbrainistopologicallyorganizedremain largelyunknown.Here,weappliedlinearmultivariateGrangercausalityanalysis(GCA)andgraphtheoreticalapproachesto a resting-state functional MRI dataset with a large cohort of young healthy participants (n=86) to explore connectivity patternsofthepopulation-basedwhole-brainfunctionaldirectednetwork.Thisdirectedbrainnetworkexhibitedprominent small-world properties, which obviously improved previous results of functional MRI studies showing weak small-world propertiesinthedirectedbrainnetworksintermsofakernel-basedGCAandindividualanalysis.Thisbrainnetworkalso showedsignificantmodularstructuresassociatedwith5wellknownsubsystems:fronto-parietal,visual,paralimbic/limbic, subcorticalandprimarysystems.Importantly,weidentifiedseveraldrivinghubspredominantlylocatedinthecomponents oftheattentionalnetwork(e.g.,theinferiorfrontalgyrus,supplementarymotorarea,insulaandfusiformgyrus)andseveral driven hubs predominantly located in the components of the default mode network (e.g., the precuneus, posterior cingulategyrus,medialprefrontalcortexandinferiorparietallobule).Furthersplit-halfanalysesindicatedthatourresults were highly reproducible between two independent subgroups. The