Ecological Factors Driving Avian Influenza Virus Dynamics in Spanish Wetland Ecosystems 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Ecological Factors Driving Avian Influenza Virus Dynamics in Spanish Wetland Ecosystems 英文参考文献.doc

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Ecological Factors Driving Avian Influenza Virus Dynamics in Spanish Wetland Ecosystems 英文参考文献

EcologicalFactorsDrivingAvianInfluenzaVirus DynamicsinSpanishWetlandEcosystems ElisaPe′rez-Ram?′rez1*,PelayoAcevedo2,3,AlbertoAllepuz3,4,XeiderGerrikagoitia5,AnnaAlba3, Nu′riaBusquets3,SandraD?′az-Sa′nchez1,VegaAlvarez′ 5,FrancescXavierAbad3,MartaBarral5, Nata`liaMajo′3,4,UrsulaHo¨fle1 1Instituto de Investigacio′n en Recursos Cinege′ticos (IREC), UCLM-JCCM-CSIC, Ciudad Real, Spain, 2Biogeography, Diversity and Conservation Research Team, DepartmentofAnimalBiology,FacultyofSciences,UniversityofMalaga,Ma′laga, Spain,3CentredeRecercaenSanitatAnimal(CReSA),UAB-IRTA,Bellaterra,Barcelona, Spain,4DepartamentdeSanitatiAnatomiaAnimals,FacultatVeterina`ria, UniversitatAuto`nomadeBarcelona,Bellaterra,Barcelona,Spain,5NEIKER-InstitutoVascode Investigacio′nyDesarrolloAgrario,AnimalHealthDepartment,Derio,Bizkaia,Spain Abstract Studiesexploringtheecologicalinteractionsbetweenavianinfluenzaviruses(AIV),naturalhostsandtheenvironmentare scarce.Mostworkhasfocusedonviralsurvivalandtransmissionunderlaboratoryconditionsandthroughmathematical modelling.However,moreintegratedstudiesperformedunderfieldconditionsarerequiredtovalidatetheseresults.Inthis study, we combined information on bird community, environmental factors and viral epidemiology to assess the contributionofbioticandabioticfactorsintheoccurrenceoflowpathogenicAIVinSpanishwetlands.Forthatpurpose, sevenlocationsinfivedifferentwetlandswerestudiedduringtwoyears(2007–2009),includingsevensamplingvisitsby location.Ineachsurvey,freshfaeces(n=4578)ofwildbirdsandwatersampleswerecollectedforviraldetection.Also,the vegetationstructure,waterphysicalpropertiesofwetlands,climaticconditionsandwildbirdcommunitycompositionwere determined. An overall AIV prevalence of 1.7%60.4 was detected in faecal samples with important fluctuations among seasons and locations. Twenty-six AIV were isolated from the 78 RRT-PCR positive samples and eight different haemagglutinines and five neuraminidases were identified, being the combina