Effect of Cooperation Level of Group on Punishment for Non-Cooperators A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Effect of Cooperation Level of Group on Punishment for Non-Cooperators A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study 英文参考文献.doc

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Effect of Cooperation Level of Group on Punishment for Non-Cooperators A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study 英文参考文献

EffectofCooperationLevelofGrouponPunishmentfor Non-Cooperators:AFunctionalMagneticResonance ImagingStudy FumitoshiKodaka1,2,HidehikoTakahashi1,3,4*,MakikoYamada1,HarumasaTakano1, KazuhikoNakayama2,HiroshiIto5,TetsuyaSuhara1 1Clinical Neuroimaging Team, Molecular Neuroimaging Program, Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan, 2Department of Psychiatry, Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan, 3Department of Psychiatry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan, 4Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan, 5Biophysics Team, MolecularNeuroimagingProgram,MolecularImagingCenter,NationalInstituteofRadiologicalSciences,Inage-ku,Chiba,Japan Abstract Sometimeswepunishnon-cooperatorsinoursociety.Suchbehaviorcouldbederivedfromaversiveemotionforinequity (inequityaversion)tomakenon-cooperatorscooperative.Thus,punishingbehaviorderivedfrominequityisbelievedtobe important for maintaining our society. Meanwhile, our daily experiences suggest that the degree of cooperation by the membersofsociety(cooperationlevelofthegroup)couldchangethepunishingbehaviorfornon-cooperatorsevenifthe inequitywereequal.Sucheffectofthecooperationlevelofthegroupcannotbeexplainedbysimpleinequityaversion. Althoughpunishment-relatedbrainregionshavebeenreportedinpreviousfunctionalmagneticresonanceimaging(fMRI) study, little is known about such regions affected by the cooperation level of the group. In the present fMRI study, we investigatedtheeffectofthecooperationlevelofthegrouponthepunishingbehaviorfornon-cooperatorsanditsrelated brainactivationsbyaparadigminwhichthedegreeofthecooperativestatevariedfromlowtohigh.Punishment-related activationswereobservedinbrainregionssuchastheanteriorinsula,dorsolateralprefrontalcortex(DLPFC),andanterior cingulatecortex(ACC).Thequantityofpunishmentinahighcooperationcontextwasgreaterthaninalowcooperation cont