Effects of Light, Food Availability and Temperature Stress on the Function of Photosystem II and Photosystem I of Coral Symbionts 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Effects of Light, Food Availability and Temperature Stress on the Function of Photosystem II and Photosystem I of Coral Symbionts 英文参考文献.doc

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Effects of Light, Food Availability and Temperature Stress on the Function of Photosystem II and Photosystem I of Coral Symbionts 英文参考文献

EffectsofLight,FoodAvailabilityandTemperature StressontheFunctionofPhotosystemIIand PhotosystemIofCoralSymbionts MiaO.Hoogenboom1*¤,DouglasA.Campbell2,EricBeraud1,KatrinaDeZeeuw2,ChristineFerrier`s1 1EcophysiologyandEcologyResearchTeam,CentreScientifiquedeMonaco,Monaco,Monaco,2BiologyDepartment,MountAllisonUniversity,Sackville,NewBrunswick, Canada Abstract Background: Reef corals are heterotrophic coelenterates that achieve high productivity through their photosynthetic dinoflagellatesymbionts.Excessiveseawatertemperaturedestabilisesthissymbiosisandcausescoralsto‘‘bleach,’’lowering theirphotosyntheticcapacity.Bleachingposesaseriousthreattothepersistenceofcoralreefsonaglobalscale.Despite expandingresearchonthecausesofbleaching,themechanismsremainasubjectofdebate. Methodology/Principal Findings: This study determined how light and food availability modulate the effects of temperaturestressonphotosynthesisintworeefcoralspecies.WequantifiedtheactivitiesofPhotosystemII,PhotosystemI andwholechainelectrontransportundercombinationsofnormalandstressfulgrowthtemperatures,moderateandhigh lightlevelsandthepresenceorabsenceoffeedingofthecoralhosts.OurresultsshowthatPS1functioniscomparatively robust against temperature stress in both species, whereas PS2 and whole chain electron transport are susceptible to temperature stress. In the symbiotic dinoflagellates of Stylophora pistillata the contents of chlorophyll and major photosyntheticcomplexeswereprimarilyaffectedbyfoodavailability.InTurbinariareniformisgrowthtemperaturewasthe dominant influence on the contents of the photosynthetic complexes. In both species feeding the host significantly protectedphotosyntheticfunctionfromhightemperaturestress. Conclusions/Significance:OurfindingssupportthephotoinhibitionmodelofcoralbleachinganddemonstratethatPS1is notamajorsiteforthermaldamageduringbleachingevents.Feedingmitigatesbleachingintwoscleractiniancorals,so thatreefresponsestotemperaturestresseswilllikelybeinfluencedbythecoinciding