Evidence of a Louse-Borne Outbreak Involving Typhus in Douai, 1710-1712 during the War of Spanish Succession 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Evidence of a Louse-Borne Outbreak Involving Typhus in Douai, 1710-1712 during the War of Spanish Succession 英文参考文献.doc

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Evidence of a Louse-Borne Outbreak Involving Typhus in Douai, 1710-1712 during the War of Spanish Succession 英文参考文献

EvidenceofaLouse-BorneOutbreakInvolvingTyphusin Douai,1710-1712duringtheWarofSpanishSuccession TungNguyen-Hieu1,Ge′rardAboudharam1,MichelSignoli2,CatherineRigeade2,MichelDrancourt1, DidierRaoult1* 1Unite′ de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, UMR CNRS 6236, IRD198, IFR48, Faculte′ de Me′decine, Universite′ de la Me′diterrane′e, Marseille,France,2Unite′ d’anthropologie,UMRCNRS6578,Faculte′ deme′decine, Universite′ delaMe′diterrane′e,Marseille,France Abstract Background:Thenewfieldofpaleomicrobiologyallowspastoutbreakstobeidentifiedbytestingdentalpulpofhuman remainswithPCR. Methods:WeidentifiedamassgraveinDouai,FrancedatingfromtheearlyXVIIIthcentury.Thiscitywasbesiegedduring theEuropeanwarofSpanishsuccession.Wetesteddentalpulpfrom1192teeth(including40fromDouai)byquantitative PCR(qPCR)forR.prowazekiiandB.quintana.Wealsousedultra-sensitivesuicidePCRtodetectR.prowazekiiandgenotyped positivesamples. ResultsandDiscussion:IntheDouairemains,weidentifiedonecaseofB.quintanainfection(byqPCR)andR.prowazekii (by suicide PCR) in 6/21 individuals (29%). The R. prowazekii was genotype B, a genotype previously found in a Spanish isolateobtainedinthefirstpartoftheXXth century. Conclusion:Louse-borneoutbreakswereragingduringtheXVIIIthcentury;ourresultssupportthehypothesisthattyphus wasimportedintoEuropebySpanishsoldiersfromAmerica. Citation:Nguyen-HieuT,AboudharamG,SignoliM,RigeadeC,DrancourtM,etal.(2010)EvidenceofaLouse-BorneOutbreakInvolvingTyphusinDouai,1710- 1712duringtheWarofSpanishSuccession.PLoSONE5(10):e15405.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0015405 Editor:StefanBereswill,Charite′-Universita¨tsmedizin Berlin,Germany ReceivedAugust19,2010;AcceptedSeptember15,2010;PublishedOctober27,2010 Copyright:?2010Nguyen-Hieu,etal.Thisisanopen-accessarticledistributedunderthetermsoftheCreativeCommonsAttributionLicense,whichpermits unrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalauthorandsourcearecredited. Funding:Nocurrentexternalfundin