Evidence for Variation in the Effective Population Size of Animal Mitochondrial DNA 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Evidence for Variation in the Effective Population Size of Animal Mitochondrial DNA 英文参考文献.doc

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Evidence for Variation in the Effective Population Size of Animal Mitochondrial DNA 英文参考文献

EvidenceforVariationintheEffectivePopulationSizeof AnimalMitochondrialDNA GwenaelPiganeau1,2*,AdamEyre-Walker3* 1UPMCUnivParis06,UMR7628,MBCE,ObservatoireOce′anologique,Banyuls/mer,France,2CNRS,UMR7628,MBCE,ObservatoireOce′anologique,Banyuls/mer,France, 3CentrefortheStudyofEvolution,SchoolofLifeSciences,UniversityofSussex,Brighton,UnitedKingdom Abstract Background: It has recently been shown that levels of diversity in mitochondrial DNA are remarkably constant across animalsofdiversecensuspopulationsizesandecologies,whichhasledtothesuggestionthattheeffectivepopulationof mitochondrialDNAmayberelativelyconstant. Results:Herewepresentseverallinesofevidencethatsuggest,tothecontrary,thattheeffectivepopulationsizeofmtDNA doesvary,andthatthevariationcanbesubstantial.First,weshowthatlevelsofmitochondrialandnucleardiversityare correlated within all groups of animals we surveyed. Second, we show that the effectiveness of selection on non- synonymousmutations,asmeasuredbytheratioofthenumbersofnon-synonymousandsynonymouspolymorphisms,is negativelycorrelatedtolevelsofmitochondrialdiversity.Finally,weestimatetheeffectivepopulationsizeofmitochondrial DNAinselectedmammaliangroupsandshowthatitvariesbyatleastanorderofmagnitude. Conclusions:Weconcludethatthereisvariationintheeffectivepopulationsizeofmitochondria.Furthermorewesuggest thattherelativeconstancyofDNAdiversitymaybeduetoanegativecorrelationbetweentheeffectivepopulationsizeand themutationratepergeneration. Citation: Piganeau G, Eyre-Walker A (2009) Evidence for Variation in the Effective Population Size of Animal Mitochondrial DNA. PLoS ONE 4(2): e4396. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0004396 Editor:NeilJohnGemmell,UniversityofOtago,NewZealand ReceivedNovember20,2008;AcceptedDecember2,2008;PublishedFebruary9,2009 Copyright: ? 2009 Piganeau et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheor