Expression of Ixodes scapularis Antifreeze Glycoprotein Enhances Cold Tolerance in Drosophila melanogaster 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Expression of Ixodes scapularis Antifreeze Glycoprotein Enhances Cold Tolerance in Drosophila melanogaster 英文参考文献.doc

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Expression of Ixodes scapularis Antifreeze Glycoprotein Enhances Cold Tolerance in Drosophila melanogaster 英文参考文献

ExpressionofIxodesscapularisAntifreezeGlycoprotein EnhancesColdToleranceinDrosophilamelanogaster GirishNeelakanta1,AndrewM.Hudson2,HameedaSultana1,LynnCooley2,3,4,ErolFikrig1,5 * 1SectionofInfectiousDiseases,DepartmentofInternalMedicine,YaleUniversitySchoolofMedicine,NewHaven,Connecticut,UnitedStatesofAmerica,2Departmentof Genetics,YaleUniversitySchoolofMedicine,NewHaven,Connecticut,UnitedStatesofAmerica,3DepartmentofCellBiology,YaleUniversitySchoolofMedicine,New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America, 4Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut,UnitedStatesofAmerica,5HowardHughesMedicalInstitute,ChevyChase,Maryland,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Drosophila melanogaster experience cold shock injury and die when exposed to low non-freezing temperatures. In this study,wegeneratedtransgenicD.melanogasterthatexpressputativeIxodesscapularisantifreezeglycoprotein(IAFGP)and showthatthepresenceofIAFGPincreasestheabilityoffliestosurviveinthecold.Maleandfemaleadultiafgp-expressing D. melanogaster exhibited higher survival rates compared with controls when placed at non-freezing temperatures. IncreasedhatchingrateswereevidentinembryosexpressingIAFGPwhenexposedtothecold.TheTUNELassayshowed thatflightmusclesfromiafgp-expressingfemaleadultfliesexhibitedlessapoptoticdamageuponexposuretonon-freezing temperatures in comparison to control flies. Collectively, these data suggest that expression of iafgp increases cold tolerance in flies by preventing apoptosis. This study defines a molecular basis for the role of an antifreeze protein in cryoprotectionofflies. Citation: Neelakanta G, Hudson AM, Sultana H, Cooley L, Fikrig E (2012) Expression of Ixodes scapularis Antifreeze Glycoprotein Enhances Cold Tolerance in Drosophilamelanogaster.PLoSONE7(3):e33447.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0033447 Editor:AndreasBergmann,UniversityofMassachusettsMedicalSchool,UnitedStatesofAmerica ReceivedOctober19,2011;AcceptedF