Fast Coding of Orientation in Primary Visual Cortex 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Fast Coding of Orientation in Primary Visual Cortex 英文参考文献.doc

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Fast Coding of Orientation in Primary Visual Cortex 英文参考文献

FastCodingofOrientationinPrimaryVisualCortex OrenShriki1,2*,AdamKohn3,4,MaozShamir1,5 1DepartmentofPhysiologyandNeurobiology,Ben-GurionUniversityoftheNegev,Be’er-Sheva,Israel,2LaboratoryofSystemsNeuroscience,NationalInstituteofMental Health,Bethesda, Maryland,UnitedStates ofAmerica,3DomPurpuraDepartmentofNeuroscience,AlbertEinsteinCollegeofMedicine,New York,NewYork,United StatesofAmerica,4DepartmentofOphthalmologyandVisualSciences,AlbertEinsteinCollegeofMedicine,NewYork,NewYork,UnitedStatesofAmerica,5Department ofPhysics,Ben-GurionUniversityoftheNegev,Be’er-Sheva,Israel Abstract Understandinghowpopulationsofneuronsencodesensoryinformationisamajorgoalofsystemsneuroscience.Attempts toanswerthisquestionhavefocusedonresponsesmeasuredoverseveralhundredmilliseconds,adurationmuchlonger than that frequently used by animals to make decisions about the environment. How reliably sensory information is encodedonbriefertimescales,andhowbesttoextractthisinformation,isunknown.Althoughithasbeenproposedthat neuronalresponselatencyprovidesamajorcueforfastdecisionsinthevisualsystem,thishypothesishasnotbeentested systematicallyandinaquantitativemanner.Hereweuseasimple‘racetothreshold’readoutmechanismtoquantifythe informationcontentofspiketimelatencyofprimaryvisual(V1)corticalcellstostimulusorientation.WefindthatmanyV1 cellsshowpronouncedtuningoftheirspikelatencytostimulusorientationandthatalmostasmuchinformationcanbe extracted from spike latencies as from firing rates measured over much longer durations. To extract this information, stimulusonsetmustbeestimatedaccurately.Weshowthattheresponsesofcellswithweaktuningofspikelatencycan provideareliableonsetdetector.Wefindthatspikelatencyinformationcanbepooledfromalargeneuronalpopulation, providedthatthedecisionthresholdisscaledlinearlywiththepopulationsize,yieldingaprocessingtimeoftheorderofa fewtensofmilliseconds.Ourresultsprovideanovelmechanismforextractinginformationfromneuronalpopulationsover theverybrieftimescalesinwhichbehav