Female-Biased Dispersal and Gene Flow in a Behaviorally Monogamous Mammal, the Large Treeshrew (Tupaia tana) 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Female-Biased Dispersal and Gene Flow in a Behaviorally Monogamous Mammal, the Large Treeshrew (Tupaia tana) 英文参考文献.doc

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Female-Biased Dispersal and Gene Flow in a Behaviorally Monogamous Mammal, the Large Treeshrew (Tupaia tana) 英文参考文献

Female-BiasedDispersalandGeneFlowinaBehaviorally MonogamousMammal,theLargeTreeshrew(Tupaia tana) JasonMunshi-South¤* Behavior,Ecology,EvolutionandSystematicsProgram,DepartmentofBiology,UniversityofMaryland,CollegePark,Maryland,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Background:Female-biaseddispersal(FBD)ispredictedtooccurinmonogamousspeciesduetolocalresourcecompetition among females, but evidence for this association in mammals is scarce. The predicted relationship between FBD and monogamymayalsobetoosimplistic,giventhatmanypair-livingmammalsexhibitsubstantialextra-pairpaternity. Methodology/Principal Findings: I examined whether dispersal and gene flow are female-biased in the large treeshrew (Tupaia tana) in Borneo, a behaviorally monogamous species with a genetic mating system characterized by high rates (50%)ofextra-pairpaternity.GeneticanalysesprovidedevidenceofFBDinthisspecies.AspredictedforFBD,Ifoundlower meanvaluesforthecorrectedassignmentindexforadultfemalesthanformalesusingsevenmicrosatelliteloci,indicating thatfemaleindividualsweremorelikelytobeimmigrants.Adultfemalepairswerealsolessrelatedthanadultmalepairs. Furthermore, comparison of Bayesian coalescent-based estimates of migration rates using maternally and bi-parentally inheritedgeneticmarkerssuggestedthatgeneflowisfemale-biasedinT.tana.Theeffectivenumberofmigrantsbetween populations estimated from mitochondrial DNA sequence was three times higher than the number estimated using autosomalmicrosatellites. Conclusions/Significance:TheseresultsprovidethefirstevidenceofFBDinabehaviorallymonogamousspecieswithout matingfidelity.Iarguethatcompetitionamongfemalesforfeedingterritoriescreatesasexualasymmetryinthecostsand benefitsofdispersalintreeshrews. Citation: Munshi-South J (2008) Female-Biased Dispersal and Gene Flow in a Behaviorally Monogamous Mammal, the Large Treeshrew (Tupaia tana ). PLoS ONE3(9):e3228.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003228 Editor:HenryHarpending,UniversityofUtah,UnitedStatesofAmerica ReceivedJune