Field-Evolved Resistance to Bt Maize by Western Corn Rootworm 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Field-Evolved Resistance to Bt Maize by Western Corn Rootworm 英文参考文献.doc

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Field-Evolved Resistance to Bt Maize by Western Corn Rootworm 英文参考文献

Field-EvolvedResistancetoBtMaizebyWesternCorn Rootworm AaronJ.Gassmann*,JenniferL.Petzold-Maxwell,RyanS.Keweshan,MikeW.Dunbar DepartmentofEntomology,IowaStateUniversity,Ames,Iowa,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Background: Crops engineered to produce insecticidal toxins derived from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are plantedonmillionsofhectaresannually,reducingtheuseofconventionalinsecticidesandsuppressingpests.However,the evolution of resistance could cut short these benefits. A primary pest targeted by Bt maize in the United States is the westerncornrootwormDiabroticavirgiferavirgifera(Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae). Methodology/PrincipalFindings:WereportthatfieldsidentifiedbyfarmersashavingsevererootwormfeedinginjurytoBt maizecontained populations of westerncorn rootwormthat displayed significantlyhigher survival on Cry3Bb1 maizein laboratorybioassaysthandidwesterncornrootwormfromfieldsnotassociatedwithsuchfeedinginjury.Inallcases,fields experiencingsevererootwormfeedingcontainedCry3Bb1maize.InterviewswithfarmersindicatedthatCry3Bb1maizehad beengrown inthosefields forat leastthree consecutive years.There wasasignificant positivecorrelation between the numberofyearsCry3Bb1maizehadbeengrowninafieldandthesurvivalofrootwormpopulationsonCry3Bb1maizein bioassays. However, there was no significant correlation among populations for survival on Cry34/35Ab1 maize and Cry3Bb1maize,suggestingalackofcrossresistancebetweentheseBttoxins. Conclusions/Significance:Thisisthefirstreportoffield-evolvedresistancetoaBttoxinbythewesterncornrootwormand by any species of Coleoptera. Insufficient planting of refuges and non-recessive inheritance of resistance may have contributed to resistance. These results suggest that improvements in resistance management and a more integrated approachtotheuseofBtcropsmaybenecessary. Citation:GassmannAJ,Petzold-MaxwellJL,KeweshanRS,DunbarMW(2011)Field-EvolvedResistancetoBtMaizebyWesternCornRootworm.PLoSONE6(7): e22629.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.