Forest Fruit Production Is Higher on Sumatra Than on Borneo 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Forest Fruit Production Is Higher on Sumatra Than on Borneo 英文参考文献.doc

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Forest Fruit Production Is Higher on Sumatra Than on Borneo 英文参考文献

ForestFruitProductionIsHigheronSumatraThanon Borneo SergeA.Wich1,2*,ErinR.Vogel3,MichaelD.Larsen4,GabriellaFredriksson5,MarkLeighton6,CareyP. Yeager7,FrancisQ.Brearley8,CarelP.vanSchaik1,AndrewJ.Marshall9 1Anthropological Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, 2Sumatran Orangutan Conservation Programme (PanEco-YEL), Medan, Sumatra, Indonesia, 3The CenterfortheAdvancesStudyofHominidPaleobiology,TheGeorgeWashingtonUniversity,WashingtonD.C.UnitedStatesofAmerica,4DepartmentofStatistics,The GeorgeWashingtonUniversity,Washington,UnitedStatesofAmerica,5InstituteforBiodiversityandEcosystemDynamics/ZoologicalMuseum,UniversityofAmsterdam, Amsterdam, TheNetherlands,6Great ApeWorldHeritageSpecies Project,Babson Park, Massachusetts, UnitedStatesofAmerica,7Zoology Department,Universityof Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America, 8School of Science and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom, 9GraduateGroupinEcology,andAnimalBehaviourGraduateGroup,DepartmentofAnthropology,UniversityofCaliforniaDavis,Davis,California,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Background: Various studies have shown that the population densities of a number of forest vertebrates, such as orangutans,arehigheronSumatrathanBorneo,andthatseveralspeciesexhibitsmallerbodysizesonBorneothanSumatra andmainlandSoutheastAsia.Ithasbeensuggestedthatdifferencesinforestfruitproductivitybetweentheislandscan explainthesepatterns.Herewepresentalarge-scalecomparisonofforestfruitproductionbetweentheislandstotestthis hypothesis. Methodology/PrincipalFindings:DataonfruitproductionwerecollatedfromSumatranandBorneansites.Atsixsiteswe assessed fruit production in three forest types: riverine, peat swamp and dryland forests. We compared fruit production usingtime-seriesmodelsduringdifferentperiodsofoverallfruitproductionandindifferenttreesizeclasses.Weexamined overall island differences and differences specifically for fruiting period and tree size class. The res