First Isolation and Direct Evidence for the Existence of Large Small-Mammal Reservoirs of Leptospira sp. in Madagascar 英文参考文献.docVIP

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First Isolation and Direct Evidence for the Existence of Large Small-Mammal Reservoirs of Leptospira sp. in Madagascar 英文参考文献.doc

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First Isolation and Direct Evidence for the Existence of Large Small-Mammal Reservoirs of Leptospira sp. in Madagascar 英文参考文献

FirstIsolationandDirectEvidencefortheExistenceof LargeSmall-MammalReservoirsofLeptospirasp.in Madagascar SoanandrasanaRahelinirina1,AlbertineLe′on2,RudyA.Harstskeerl3,NatachaSertour4,AhmedAhmed3, ClaudineRaharimanana1,ElisabethFerquel4,MartineGarnier4,Lo?¨cChartier5,Jean-MarcDuplantier6, LilaRahalison1,MurielCornet4,7* 1Plague Unit, Pasteur Institute, Antananarivo, Madagascar, 2Frank Duncombe Laboratory, IFR 146 ICORE, Caen, France, 3WHO/FAO/OIE and National Leptospirosis ReferenceCentre,KITBiomedicalResearch,Amsterdam,TheNetherlands,4NationalReferenceCentreforBorrelia,PasteurInstitute,Paris,France,5EpidemiologyUnit, PasteurInstitute,Paris,France,6IRD,UMRCBGP(INRA/IRD/Cirad/MontpellierSupAgro),Montferrier-sur-Lez,France,7Parasitology-MycologyLaboratory,CHUGrenoble, UniversityJosephFourier,Grenoble,France Abstract Background: Leptospirosishas longbeenamajorpublic healthconcern inthesouthwesternIndianOcean.However,in Madagascar,onlyafew,oldstudieshaveprovidedindirectserologicalevidenceofthediseaseinhumansoranimals. Methodology/Principal Findings: Weconducted alargeanimalstudy focusingon small-mammal populations. Fivefield trapping surveys were carried out at five sites, from April 2008 to August 2009. Captures consisted of Rattus norvegicus (35.8%),R.rattus(35.1%),Musmusculus(20.5%)andSuncusmurinus(8.6%).Weusedmicrobiologicalculture,serodiagnosis tests(MAT)andreal-timePCRtoassessLeptospirainfection.LeptospiracarriagewasdetectedbyPCRin91(33.9%)ofthe 268smallmammals,byMATin17ofthe151(11.3%)animalsforwhichserumsampleswereavailableandbyculturein9of the 268 animals (3.3%). Rates of infection based on positive PCR results were significantly higher in Moramanga (54%), Toliara (48%) and Mahajanga (47.4%) than in Antsiranana (8.5%) and Toamasina (14%) (p=0.001). The prevalence of Leptospira carriage was significantly higher in R. norvegicus (48.9%), S. murinus (43.5%) and R. rattus (30.8%) than in M. musculus(9.1%)(p,0.001).TheMATdetectedantibodiesagainsttheserogroupsCan