Fate of the H-NS–Repressed bgl Operon in Evolution of Escherichia coli 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Fate of the H-NS–Repressed bgl Operon in Evolution of Escherichia coli 英文参考文献.doc

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Fate of the H-NS–Repressed bgl Operon in Evolution of Escherichia coli 英文参考文献

FateoftheH-NS–RepressedbglOperoninEvolutionof Escherichiacoli T.SabariSankar1,GirishNeelakanta1¤,VartulSangal2,3,GeorgPlum4,MarkAchtman3,KarinSchnetz1* 1Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany, 2Department of Molecular Biology, Max-Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany, 3Department of Microbiology and Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland, 4Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene,UniversityofCologne,Cologne,Germany Abstract In the enterobacterial species Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica, expression of horizontally acquired genes with a higher than average AT content is repressed by the nucleoid-associated protein H-NS. A classical example of an H-NS– repressedlocusisthebgl(aryl-b,D-glucoside)operonofE.coli.Thislocusis‘‘cryptic,’’asnolaboratorygrowthconditionsare knowntorelieverepressionofbglbyH-NSinE.coliK12.However,repressioncanberelievedbyspontaneousmutations. Here,weinvestigatedthephylogenyofthebgloperon.TypingofbglinarepresentativecollectionofE.colidemonstrated that itevolvedclonally andthat itis presentin strainsof thephylogenetic groups A,B1,and B2,while itis presumably replacedbyaclusterofORFansinthephylogeneticgroupD.Interestingly,thebgloperonismutatedin20%ofthestrains of phylogenetic groups A and B1, suggesting erosion of bgl in these groups. However, bgl is functionalin almost all B2 isolatesand,inapproximately50%ofthem,itisweaklyexpressedatlaboratorygrowthconditions.Homologsofbglgenes existinKlebsiella,Enterobacter,andErwiniaspeciesandalsoinlowGC-contentGram-positivebacteria,whileabsentinE. albertiiandSalmonellasp.ThissuggestshorizontaltransferofbglgenestoanancestralEnterobacterium.Conservationand weak expression of bgl in isolates of phylogenetic group B2 may indicate a functional role of bgl in extraintestinal pathogenicE.coli. Citation: Sankar TS, Neelakanta G, Sangal V, Plum G, Achtman M, et al. (2009) Fate of the H-NS–Repressed bgl Operon in E