Four Linked Genes Participate in Controlling Sporulation Efficiency in Budding Yeast 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Four Linked Genes Participate in Controlling Sporulation Efficiency in Budding Yeast 英文参考文献.doc

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Four Linked Genes Participate in Controlling Sporulation Efficiency in Budding Yeast 英文参考文献

FourLinkedGenesParticipateinControlling SporulationEfficiencyinBuddingYeast Giora Ben-Ari1,2,Drora Zenvirth3,Amir Sherman4,Lior David5,6,Michael Klutstein3,UriLavi4,Jossi Hillel1, Giora Simchen3* 1 Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel, 2 Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital,Toronto,Ontario,Canada,3DepartmentofGenetics,HebrewUniversityofJerusalem,Jerusalem,Israel,4AgriculturalResearchOrganization,BeitDagan,Israel,5 Stanford Genome Technology Center, Palo Alto, California, United States of America, 6 Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California,UnitedStatesofAmerica Quantitative traits are conditioned by several genetic determinants. Since such genes influence many important complex traits in various organisms, the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) is of major interest, but still encounters serious difficulties. We detected four linked genes within one QTL, which participate in controlling sporulationefficiencyinSaccharomycescerevisiae.Followingtheidentificationofsinglenucleotidepolymorphismsby comparing the sequences of 145 genes between the parental strains SK1 and S288c, we analyzed the segregating progeny of the cross between them. Through reciprocal hemizygosity analysis, four genes, RAS2, PMS1, SWS2, and FKH2,locatedinaregionof60kilobasesonChromosome14,werefoundtobeassociatedwithsporulationefficiency. Threeofthefour‘‘high’’sporulationallelesarederivedfromthe‘‘low’’sporulatingstrain.Twoofthesesporulation- relatedgeneswereverifiedthroughallelereplacements.ForRAS2,thecausativevariationwassuggestedtobeasingle nucleotidedifferenceintheupstreamregionofthegene.Thisquantitativetraitnucleotideaccountsforsporulation variability among a set of ten closely related winery yeast strains. Our results provide a detailed view of genetic complexityinone‘‘QTLregion’’thatcontrolsaquantitativetraitandreportsasinglenucleoti