Freedom, Justice, and Neglected Tropical Diseases 英文参考文献.docVIP

Editorial Freedom,Justice,andNeglectedTropicalDiseases CarlosFranco-Paredes1*,JoseI.Santos-Preciado2 1HospitalInfantildeMexico,FedericoGomez,Mexico,D.F.,Mexico,andRollinsSchoolofPublicHealth,EmoryUniversity,Atlanta,Georgia,United StatesofAmerica, 2UnidaddeMedicinaExperimental,FacultaddeMedicina,UniversidadNacionalAutonomadeMexico,Mexico,D.F.,Mexico ‘‘Whatmovesus,reasonablyenough,isnot therealizationthattheworldfallsshortof being completely just—which few of us expect—but that there are clearly remedi- ableinjusticesarounduswhichwewantto eliminate’’[1] adequately nourished and being in good health [4,5]. The health status of an individualinaspecificsocialarrangement can be scrutinized from two different perspectives: the actual achievement of health,andthefreedomtoachieveit[3]. Healthachievementtendstobeareliable guide to the underlying capabilities of an individual and a central consideration of as individuals and of our evolutionary origin as species [8]. Our biological susceptibility is defined by a myriad of ancestral molecular compromises and trade-offs acquired during our biological history as a human species through ecological clashes with environmental factors [9]. Beyond our biological predis- position, there are social processes that influence the occurrence of illnesses [10]. Regretfully, there is consistent evidence that socially disadvantaged populations have poorer survival chances and prema- ture death due to socially determined diseasesthanmoresociallyfavoredgroups [11]. No law in nature decrees that individuals die from diseases that are preventable and treatable such as occurs withmostNTDs. Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are remediableinjusticesofourtimes.Poverty is the starting point, and the ultimate outcome,ofNTDs.Muchaboutpovertyis evident enough, but considering poverty assimplylowincomeisinsufficient[2].In the context of NTDs, poverty should be seen as the relative deprivation of free- doms and capabilities dicta