Frequency of Infant Stroking Reported by Mothers Moderates the Effect of Prenatal Depression on Infant Behavioural and Physiological Outcomes 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Frequency of Infant Stroking Reported by Mothers Moderates the Effect of Prenatal Depression on Infant Behavioural and Physiological Outcomes 英文参考文献.doc

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Frequency of Infant Stroking Reported by Mothers Moderates the Effect of Prenatal Depression on Infant Behavioural and Physiological Outcomes 英文参考文献

FrequencyofInfantStrokingReportedbyMothers ModeratestheEffectofPrenatalDepressiononInfant BehaviouralandPhysiologicalOutcomes HelenSharp1*,AndrewPickles2,MichaelMeaney3,KateMarshall4,FlorinTibu4,JonathanHill4 1Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom, 2Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London,London,UnitedKingdom,3DouglasMentalHealthUniversityInstitute,McGillUniversity,Montreal,Canada,4MentalHealthandNeurodegenerationResearch Group,UniversityofManchester,Manchester,UnitedKingdom Abstract Animal studies find that prenatal stress is associated with increased physiological and emotional reactivity later in life, mediated via fetal programming of the HPAaxis through decreased glucocorticoid receptor (GR) gene expression. Post- natalbehaviours,notablylickingandgroominginrats,causedecreasedbehaviouralindicesoffearandreducedHPAaxis reactivitymediatedviaincreasedGRgeneexpression.Post-natalmaternalbehavioursmaythereforebeexpectedtomodify prenatal effects, but this has not previously been examined in humans. We examined whether, according to self-report, maternal stroking over the first weeks of life modified associations between prenatal depression and physiological and behavioraloutcomesininfancy,hencemimickingeffectsofrodentlickingandgrooming.Fromageneralpopulationsample of1233firsttimemothersrecruitedat20weeksgestationwedrewastratifiedrandomsampleof316forassessmentat32 weeksbasedonreportedinter-partnerpsychologicalabuse,arisktochilddevelopment.Ofthese271provideddataat5,9 and29weekspostdelivery.Mothersreportedhowoftentheystrokedtheirbabiesat5and9weeks.At29weeksvagal withdrawal to a stressor, a measure of physiological adaptability, and maternal reported negative emotionality were assessed.Therewasasignificantinteractionbetweenprenataldepressionandmaternalstrokinginthepredictionofvagal reactivity to a stressor (p=.01), and maternal reports of infant anger proneness (p=.007) and fear