From the Eye of the Albatrosses A Bird-Borne Camera Shows an Association between Albatrosses and a Killer Whale in the Southern Ocean 英文参考文献.docVIP

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From the Eye of the Albatrosses A Bird-Borne Camera Shows an Association between Albatrosses and a Killer Whale in the Southern Ocean 英文参考文献.doc

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From the Eye of the Albatrosses A Bird-Borne Camera Shows an Association between Albatrosses and a Killer Whale in the Southern Ocean 英文参考文献

FromtheEyeoftheAlbatrosses:ABird-BorneCamera ShowsanAssociationbetweenAlbatrossesandaKiller WhaleintheSouthernOcean KentaroQ.Sakamoto1,AkinoriTakahashi2*,TakashiIwata2,PhilipN.Trathan3 1GraduateSchoolofVeterinaryMedicine,HokkaidoUniversity,Sapporo,Japan,2DepartmentofPolarScience,TheGraduateUniversityforAdvancedStudies,National InstituteofPolarResearch,Tachikawa,Tokyo,Japan,3BritishAntarcticSurvey,NaturalEnvironmentResearchCouncil,HighCross,Cambridge,UnitedKingdom Abstract Albatrossesflymanyhundredsofkilometersacrosstheopenoceantofindandfeedupontheirprey.Despitethegrowing numberofstudiesconcerningtheirforagingbehaviour,relativelylittleisknownabouthowalbatrossesactuallylocatetheir prey.Here,wepresentourresultsfromthefirstdeploymentsofacombinedanimal-bornecameraanddepthdataloggeron free-rangingblack-browedalbatrosses(Thalassarchemelanophrys).Thestillimagesrecordedfromthesecamerasshowed that some albatrosses actively followed a killer whale (Orcinus orca), possibly to feed on food scraps left by this diving predator.Thecameraimagestogetherwiththedepthprofilesshowedthatthebirdsdivedonlyoccasionally,butthatthey activelydivedwhenotherbirdsorthekillerwhalewerepresent.Thisassociationwithdivingpredatorsorotherbirdsmay partially explain how albatrosses find their prey more efficiently in the apparently ‘featureless’ ocean, with a minimal requirementforenergeticallycostlydivingorlandingactivities. Citation:SakamotoKQ,TakahashiA,IwataT,TrathanPN(2009)FromtheEyeoftheAlbatrosses:ABird-BorneCameraShowsanAssociationbetweenAlbatrosses andaKillerWhaleintheSouthernOcean.PLoSONE4(10):e7322.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007322 Editor:RyanL.Earley,UniversityofAlabama,UnitedStatesofAmerica ReceivedJuly19,2009;AcceptedSeptember12,2009;PublishedOctober7,2009 Copyright: ? 2009 Sakamoto et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalauthorandsou