For Insulin Signaling Pathways in Flies, Size Matters 英文参考文献.docVIP

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2017-05-11 发布于上海
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For Insulin Signaling Pathways in Flies, Size Matters 英文参考文献.doc

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For Insulin Signaling Pathways in Flies, Size Matters 英文参考文献

Open access, freely available online Synopses of Research Articles The Ol’Switcheroo Shows How an RNA Enzyme Splices Itself DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0030310 Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a dogma breaker.The“central dogma”of cellular biochemistry mandates that deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) stores information, and RNA copies this information and uses it to direct the assembly of amino acid building blocks into proteins, such as enzymes. Enzymes catalyze important chemical reactions in the cell, such as the breakdown of glucose or the synthesis of urea. When biochemists discovered catalytic RNA, they had to ditch the dogma. Because of its structure, it turns out, RNA can act as an enzyme and catalyze reactions.While two strands of DNA tend to zip up into the famous double helix, RNA usually goes solo.The single RNA strand folds back on itself to create myriad tangled arrangements. Some of these arrangements create an active center, the place on the RNA where the enzymatic magic happens.The many RNA enzymes and protein enzymes that use metal atoms to do their job are called metalloenzymes. One example of an important structural motif in RNA metalloenzymes is the group I intron, which can snip itself out of an RNA segment. Understanding exactly how the RNA and the metals interact will help to provide precise answers about how the enzyme really works. normal enzyme.Then, they replaced the oxygen in question with a sulfur atom. The reaction didn’t work as well because, by the rules of chemistry, sulfur doesn’t like to bind to magnesium. But sulfur does like manganese and cadmium ions. So they replaced the magnesium with one of these other metal ions and measured the reaction.The researchers saw that these other metal ions restored (or“rescued”) enzymatic activity. In short, the enzyme needs a bond where the oxygen and the magnesium are, but the bond doesn’t have to be between oxygen and magnesium. As complicated as that is, plucking out one atom and trading it for anothe