Genetic Characterization of Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 in Mozambique Transcontinental Lineages Drive the HTLV-1 Endemic 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Genetic Characterization of Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 in Mozambique Transcontinental Lineages Drive the HTLV-1 Endemic 英文参考文献.doc

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Genetic Characterization of Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 in Mozambique Transcontinental Lineages Drive the HTLV-1 Endemic 英文参考文献

GeneticCharacterizationofHumanT-CellLymphotropic VirusType1inMozambique:TranscontinentalLineages DrivetheHTLV-1Endemic AnaCarolinaP.Vicente1,EduardoSamoGudo2,AlenaMayoIn?iguez1*,KokoOtsuki1,NileshBhatt2, CelinaM.Abreu3,AdolfoVubil2,DulceBila2,OrlandoC.FerreiraJr3,Am?′lcarTanuri3,IleshV.Jani2 theHTLVinMozambiqueStudyGroup for 1InstitutoOswaldoCruz,Fundac?a?o OswaldoCruz(FIOCRUZ),RiodeJaneiro,Brazil,2DepartamentodeImunologia,InstitutoNacionaldeSau′de,Maputo,Mozambique, 3DepartamentodeGene′tica, UniversidadeFederaldoRiodeJaneiro,RiodeJaneiro,Brazil Abstract Background:HumanT-CellLymphotropicVirusType1(HTLV-1)istheetiologicalagentofadultT-cellleukemia(ATL)and HTLV-1-associatedmyelopathy/tropicalspasticparaparesis(HAM/TSP).Ithasbeenestimatedthat10–20millionpeopleare infected worldwide, but no successful treatment is available. Recently, the epidemiology of this virus was addressed in blood donors from Maputo, showing rates from 0.9 to 1.2%. However, the origin and impact of HTLV endemic in this populationisunknown. Objective:ToassesstheHTLV-1molecularepidemiologyinMozambiqueandtoinvestigatetheirrelationshipwithHTLV-1 lineagescirculatingworldwide. Methods:BlooddonorsandHIVpatientswerescreenedforHTLVantibodiesbyusingenzymeimmunoassay,followedby WesternBlot.PCRandsequencingofHTLV-1LTRregionwereappliedandgeneticHTLV-1subtypeswereassignedbythe neighbor-joining method. The mean genetic distance of Mozambican HTLV-1 lineages among the genetic clusters were determined.Humanmitochondrial(mt)DNAanalysiswasperformedandindividualsclassifiedinmtDNAhaplogroups. Results:LTRHTLV-1analysisdemonstratedthatallisolatesbelongtotheTranscontinentalsubgroupoftheCosmopolitan subtype. Mozambican HTLV-1 sequences had a high inter-strain genetic distance, reflecting in three major clusters. One clusterisassociatedwiththeSouthAfricasequences,oneisrelatedwithMiddleEastandIndiastrainsandthethirdisa specificMozambicancluster.Interestingly,83.3%ofHIV/HTLV-1co-infectionwasobservedintheMozambicanclust