Global Change Could Amplify Fire Effects on Soil Greenhouse Gas Emissions 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Global Change Could Amplify Fire Effects on Soil Greenhouse Gas Emissions 英文参考文献.doc

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Global Change Could Amplify Fire Effects on Soil Greenhouse Gas Emissions 英文参考文献

GlobalChangeCouldAmplifyFireEffectsonSoil GreenhouseGasEmissions AudreyNiboyet1*¤a,JamieR.Brown2,PaulDijkstra2,JosephC.Blankinship2,PaulW.Leadley1,XavierLe Roux3¤b,LaureBarthes1,RomainL.Barnard4,ChristopherB.Field5,BruceA.Hungate2 1Laboratoire Ecologie, Syste′matique et Evolution, UMR 8079 Universite′ Paris-Sud 11/CNRS/AgroParisTech, Universite′ Paris-Sud 11, Orsay, France, 2Department of Biological Sciences and Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America, 3Laboratoire d’Ecologie Microbienne, UMR 5557 CNRS, USC 1193 INRA, Universite′ Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France, 4Institute of Plant Sciences, ETH Zu¨rich, Zu¨rich, Switzerland, 5DepartmentofGlobalEcology,CarnegieInstitutionforScience,Stanford,California,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Background:Littleisknownaboutthecombinedimpactsofglobalenvironmentalchangesandecologicaldisturbanceson ecosystemfunctioning,eventhoughsuchcombinedimpactsmightplaycriticalrolesinshapingecosystemprocessesthat caninturnfeedbacktoclimatechange,suchassoilemissionsofgreenhousegases. Methodology/PrincipalFindings:Wetookadvantageofanaccidental,low-severitywildfirethatburnedpartofalong-term globalchangeexperimenttoinvestigatetheinteractive effectsofafiredisturbanceandincreases inCO2 concentration, precipitation and nitrogen supply on soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in a grassland ecosystem. We examined the responses of soil N2O emissions, as well as the responses of the two main microbial processes contributing to soil N2O production–nitrificationanddenitrification–andoftheirmaindrivers.Weshowthatthefiredisturbancegreatlyincreased soilN2Oemissionsoverathree-yearperiod,andthatelevatedCO2andenhancednitrogensupplyamplifiedfireeffectson soil N2O emissions: emissions increased by a factor of two with fire alone and by a factor of six under the combined influenceoffire,elevatedCO2andnitrogen.Wealsoprovideevidencethatthisresponsewascausedbyincreasedmicrobial deni