关于皮下气孔形成的.ppt

* It should be remembered that in clean melts, hydrogen makes a comparatively small contribution to the nucleation of the bubble in liquid iron and steel, because it concentrates relatively little ahead of the advancing freezing front, in comparison with the combined effects of oxygen and carbon to form CO in liquid iron and steel. 应当注意的是，在洁净的金属液中，氢对铸铁和铸钢中气泡形核的贡献较小。与铸铁和铸钢中氧和碳结合成的CO相比，氢在凝固前沿富集很少。 neutron irradiation [核]中子辐照 vanishingly adv.消遁似地,难以察觉地 successive adj.继承的, 连续的 open out v.展开, 开发, 展现, 揭示, 直言 * The situation is closely paralleled in liquid copper alloys, where oxygen controls the nucleation of pores because the “snow plough” mechanism, whereas hydrogen disproportionately to growth because its greater rate of diffusion. 在铜合金液中也有类似情形。由于”除雪机”机理，氧在凝固界面前沿富集严重，氧控制着孔洞的形核。而氢由于高的扩散速率，对气孔的生长具有重要的作用。 snow plough 排雪犁，除雪机 disproportionate adj.不成比例 parallel adj.平行的, 相同的, 类似的, 并联的 penetration n.穿过, 渗透, 突破 crevice n.(墙壁, 岩石等的)裂缝 tellurium n.碲 hydrocarbon n.烃, 碳氢化合物 * Clearly, in clean melts, if the oxygen was high, then pores could nucleate, but they would not necessarily grow unless sufficient hydrogen was present. Conversely, if hydrogen was high, pores might not form at all if no oxygen was present to facilitate to nucleation. The hydrogen would therefore simply remain in solution in the casting. 显然，在洁净的金属液中，如果氧含量高，则空洞可以形核；但如果没有足够的氢，空洞却难以长大。相反，如果氢含量高，但却没有氧促进形核的话，就压根不会形成空洞，氢将固溶在铸件中。 * (1) The hydrogen porosity in Al-7Si-0.3Mg alloy was reduced in size and volume percentage, and was more uniformly distributed when the alloy was grain refined. The reason is that the growth of bubbles is limited by their impingement on grains. 对Al-7Si-0.3Mg合金进行晶粒细化处理后，合金中氢孔的大小和体积分数均减小，而且分布均匀。原因是气孔生长受到晶粒生长的限制—晶粒大小。 7.3.2. Limitations to pore growth: 限制气孔生长的因素： (2) Another limitation to growth occurs when the bubble can escape from the freezing front. This will normally happen when the freezing front is relatively planar,