Measures of Impact 英文参考文献.docVIP

Open access, freely available online Editorial Measures of Impact Hemai Parthasarathy im·pact (
m′pkt′) n. 1. The striking of one body against another; collision. 2. The force or impetus transmitted by a collision. 3. The effect or impression of one thing on another. 4. The power of making a strong, immediate impression. —D O pen-access publishing was headed on a collision course with traditional models of scienti?c publishing since well before the Public Library of Science launched its ?rst journal. The force of that collision has seen dramatic shifts in the publishing landscape that include increased support from funding agencies for open-access publishing models and institutional archiving, greater availability of free-access articles and options from subscription-based publishers, and the launch of new open-access journals. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0030296.g001 Artist’s conception of the Deep Impact spacecraft observing the birth of the new crater on Tempel 1 (Image: NASA/JPL/UMD; art: Pat Rawlings) PLoS Biology was launched in October 2003, less than two years ago, as an open-access home to the very best in biological research. By any measure, the impact of this launch was noticeable. The online publication of our ?rst issue was accompanied by strong and favorable media attention to our articles. The New York Times alone covered articles from nine of our ?rst twelve issues. Content from these issues was downloaded, redistributed, and reanalyzed. In 2004, PLoS Biology articles were downloaded more than 1 million times. Because the reuse of open-access content is allowed and encouraged, the only restriction (aside from proper citation of the authors) is the creativity of the user. And with the launch of the journal and the attendant excitement about the content, manuscript submissions and presubmission enquiries rose dramatically. high standards and rigorous peer review, to launch an open-access alternative to the best journals, and to drive a transforma