Measuring Morbidity Associated with Urinary Schistosomiasis Assessing Levels of Excreted Urine Albumin and Urinary Tract Pathologies 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Measuring Morbidity Associated with Urinary Schistosomiasis Assessing Levels of Excreted Urine Albumin and Urinary Tract Pathologies 英文参考文献.doc

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Measuring Morbidity Associated with Urinary Schistosomiasis Assessing Levels of Excreted Urine Albumin and Urinary Tract Pathologies 英文参考文献

MeasuringMorbidityAssociatedwithUrinary Schistosomiasis:AssessingLevelsofExcretedUrine AlbuminandUrinaryTractPathologies Jose′ C.Sousa-Figueiredo1*,Mar?′a-GloriaBasa′n?ez2,I.SimbaKhamis3,AmadouGarba4,DavidRollinson1, J.RussellStothard1 1Wolfson Wellcome Biomedical Laboratories, Department of Zoology, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom, 2Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology,ImperialCollegeLondon,London,UnitedKingdom,3HelminthControlLaboratoryUnguja,HelminthControlProgramme,Zanzibar,Tanzania,4 Re′seau InternationalSchistosomosesEnvironnementAmenagementsetLutte(RISEAL-Niger),Niamey,Niger Abstract Background: Urinary schistosomiasis is responsible for a variety of debilitating conditions; foremost perhaps are urinary tractpathologies(UTPs).AlthoughportableultrasonographycanbeusedtodetectUTPsvisually,thereisstillaneedfor rapidmorbidityassessment(henceforthreferredtoasRaMA)toolsthatcanbedeployedinthefieldduringimplementation, monitoringandevaluationofcontrolprogrammes.Wethereforeaimedtodetermineassociationsbetweenexcretedurine- albumin, as measured using a HemoCue photometer, and UTPs, as detected by ultrasonography, in children and adults fromanurinaryschistosomiasisendemicareainZanzibar. Methodology/Principal Findings: Inasurvey of 140school-children ofboth sexes (aged 9to 15yr) and47adult males ($16yr) ontheislandofUnguja, theprevalence ofegg-patent urinary schistosomiasiswas36.4%(CI95 28.5–45.0%) and 46.8%(CI95 32.1–61.9%)(P=0.14),andthatofUTPswas39.4%(CI95 31.0–48.3%)and64.4%(CI95 48.8–78.1%)(P =0.006), respectively.Inschool-children,raisedurine-albuminconcentrations(.40mg/L)wereassociated,albeitnon-significantly, with prevalence of infection (OR=3.1, P=0.070), but more specifically and significantly with the prevalence of micro- haematuria(OR=76.7,P,0.0001).Inadults,elevatedurine-albuminexcretionwasassociatedwithUTPs,particularlylesions ofthebladderwall(OR=8.4,P=0.013).Albuminuriashowedpromisingdiagnosticperformance,especiallyinschool