Mechanisms of Chromosome Number Evolution in Yeast 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Mechanisms of Chromosome Number Evolution in Yeast 英文参考文献.doc

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Mechanisms of Chromosome Number Evolution in Yeast 英文参考文献

MechanismsofChromosomeNumberEvolutioninYeast JonathanL.Gordon*,KevinP.Byrne,KennethH.Wolfe SmurfitInstituteofGenetics,TrinityCollegeDublin,Dublin,Ireland Abstract Thewhole-genomeduplication(WGD)thatoccurredduringyeastevolutionchangedthebasalnumberofchromosomes from8to16.However,thenumberofchromosomesinpost-WGDspeciesnowrangesbetween10and16,andthenumber in non-WGD species (Zygosaccharomyces, Kluyveromyces, Lachancea, and Ashbya) ranges between 6 and 8. To study the mechanismbywhichchromosomenumberchanges,wetracedtheancestryofcentromeresandtelomeresineachspecies. We observe only two mechanisms by which the number of chromosomes has decreased, as indicated by the loss of a centromere.Themostfrequentmechanism,seen8times,istelomere-to-telomerefusionbetweentwochromosomeswith theconcomitantdeathofonecentromere.Theothermechanism,seenonce,involvesthebreakageofachromosomeatits centromere,followedbythefusionofthetwoarmstothetelomeresoftwootherchromosomes.Theonlymechanismby which chromosome number has increased in these species is WGD. Translocations and inversions have cycled telomere locations,internalizingsomepreviouslytelomericgenesandcreatingnoveltelomericlocations.Comparisonofcentromere structuresshowsthatthelengthoftheCDEIIregionisvariablebetweenspeciesbutuniformwithinspecies.Wetracethe complete rearrangement history of the Lachancea kluyveri genome since its common ancestor with Saccharomyces and proposethatitsexceptionallylowlevelofrearrangementisaconsequenceofthelossofthenon-homologousendjoining (NHEJ)DNArepairpathwayinthisspecies. Citation: Gordon JL, Byrne KP, Wolfe KH (2011) Mechanisms of Chromosome Number Evolution in Yeast. PLoS Genet 7(7): e1002190. doi:10.1371/ journal.pgen.1002190 Editor:JustinC.Fay,WashingtonUniversity,UnitedStatesofAmerica ReceivedMarch31,2011;AcceptedJune3,2011;PublishedJuly21,2011 Copyright: ? 2011 Gordon et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestri