Mechanisms Underlying the Bioindicator Notion Spatial Association between Individual Sexual Performance and Community Diversity 英文参考文献.docVIP

MechanismsUnderlyingtheBioindicatorNotion:Spatial AssociationbetweenIndividualSexualPerformanceand CommunityDiversity PaolaLaiolo*,Mar?′aJ.Ban?uelos,BeatrizBlanco-Fontao,Mo′nicaGarc?′a,GloriaGutie′rrez ResearchUnitofBiodiversity(CSIC,UO,PA),OviedoUniversity,Oviedo,Spain Abstract Thebioindicatornotionisanappealingconceptthathasreceivedmoresupportinappliedthaninbasicecology,mostly due to the difficulty in deriving general ecological rules applicable to all target organisms. However, recognizing the mechanisms that determine the association between a particular species and the well-being of many other species is important for understanding the functioning of ecosystems and the relationship among different biological levels. We examinedheretheprocessesattheindividuallevelthatcauseanassociationbetweenspeciesperformanceandbiodiversity value,byanalyzingattributesthatcanbestudiedinavarietyofanimalswithsexualreproduction,namelybreedingsite selectionandcondition-dependentsexualsignals.OurstudymodelwastheCapercaillie,anindicatorofforestfunctioning anddiversity,andtheassociatedbirdcommunity,usedhereasasurrogateofbroaderforestbiodiversity.Ataregionalscale Capercaillieoccurrencewasnotassociatedwiththemostdiverseforestpatches,butatthescaleofmalespringterritories thesexualdisplay grounds(arenas)werelocated in theoldestandless disturbedforest portions, whichalso hosted the richestlocalbirdcommunities.Socialmechanismsandconspecificcueinglikelyconcurredwithhabitat-drivenprocessesin determiningthelong-termpersistenceoftraditionaldisplaygrounds,whichwereappealingtomanyotherspeciesbecause oftheirstructuralcomposition.Characteristicsofmalevocaldisplaythathonestlyadvertizemalequality(lowfrequencies and rapid song rates) were significantly correlated with high diversity values, resulting in a spatial association between individualandcommunityperformances.Costlyorriskyactivitiessuchasreproductiveorsocialbehaviors,whichmorethan other attributes match gradients in habitat quality, are there