Memory in the Neonate Brain 英文参考文献.docVIP

MemoryintheNeonateBrain SilviaBenavides-Varela1*,DavidM.Go′mez1,2,FrancescoMacagno3,RicardoA.H.Bion4,IsabellePeretz5, JacquesMehler1 1CognitiveNeuroscienceSector,InternationalSchoolforAdvancedStudies(SISSA/ISAS),Trieste,Italy,2CenterforAdvancedResearchinEducation(CIAE),Universityof Chile, Santiago, Chile, 3Department of Neonatal Pathology, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Udine, Italy, 4Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford,California,UnitedStatesofAmerica,5BRAMS,Universite′ deMontre′al,Montre′al,Canada Abstract Background: The capacity to memorize speech sounds is crucial for language acquisition. Newborn human infants can discriminatephoneticcontrastsandextractrhythm,prosodicinformation,andsimpleregularitiesfromspeech.Yet,thereis scarceevidencethatinfantscanrecognizecommonwordsfromthesurroundinglanguagebeforefourmonthsofage. Methodology/PrincipalFindings:Westudiedonehundredandtwelve1-5day-oldinfants,usingfunctionalnear-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). We found that newborns tested with a novel bisyllabic word show greater hemodynamic brain responsethannewbornstestedwithafamiliarbisyllabicword.Weshowedthatnewbornsrecognizethefamiliarwordafter twominutesofsilenceorafterhearingmusic,butnotafterhearingadifferentword. Conclusions/Significance: The data show that retroactive interference is an important cause of forgetting in the early stagesoflanguageacquisition.Moreover,becauseneonatesforgetwordsinthepresenceofsome–butnotall–sounds,the resultsindicatethattheinterferencephenomenonthatcausesforgettingisselective. Citation: Benavides-Varela S, Go′mez DM, Macagno F, Bion RAH, Peretz I, et al. (2011) Memory in the Neonate Brain. PLoS ONE 6(11): e27497. doi:10.1371/ journal.pone.0027497 Editor:ChristineJasoni,UniversityofOtago,NewZealand ReceivedJune10,2011;AcceptedOctober18,2011;PublishedNovember7,2011 Copyright:?2011Benavides-Varelaetal.Thisisanopen-accessarticledistributedunderthetermsoftheCreativeCommonsAttributionLicense,whichpermits unres