Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Parabasalia with Improved Taxon Sampling and New Protein Markers of Actin and Elongation Factor-1α 英文参考文献.docVIP

MolecularPhylogenyandEvolutionofParabasaliawith ImprovedTaxonSamplingandNewProteinMarkersof ActinandElongationFactor-1a SatokoNoda1,2*,Cle′aMantini3,DionigiaMeloni3,4,Jun-IchiInoue1,OsamuKitade5,EricViscogliosi3, MoriyaOhkuma1* 1Microbe Division/Japan Collection of Microorganisms, RIKEN BioResource Center, Wako, Saitama, Japan, 2Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering,UniversityofYamanashi,Kofu,Yamanashi,Japan,3CenterforInfectionandImmunityofLille,InstitutPasteurdeLille,Lille,France,andInsermU1019,CNRS UMR8204,andUniversityLille–Nord deFrance,Lille,France, 4Department ofBiomedical Sciences, DivisionofExperimental andClinicalMicrobiology, University of Sassari,Sassari,Italy,5NaturalHistoryLaboratory,CollegeofScience,IbarakiUniversity,Mito,Ibaraki,Japan Abstract Background:Inferringtheevolutionaryhistoryofphylogeneticallyisolated,deep-branchinggroupsoftaxa—inparticular determiningtheroot—isoftenextraordinarilydifficultbecausetheircloserelativesareunavailableassuitableoutgroups. OneofthesetaxonomicgroupsisthephylumParabasalia,whichcomprisesmorphologicallydiversespeciesofflagellated protistsofecological,medical,andevolutionarysignificance.Indeed,previousmolecularphylogeneticanalysesofmembers ofthisphylumhaveyieldedconflictingandpossiblyerroneousinferences.Furthermore,manyspeciesofParabasaliaare symbionts in the gut of termites and cockroaches or parasites and therefore formidably difficult to cultivate, rendering available data insufficient. Increasing the numbers of examined taxa and informative characters (e.g., genes) is likely to producemorereliableinferences. PrincipalFindings:Actinandelongationfactor-1ageneswereidentifiednewlyfrom22speciesoftermite-gutsymbionts through careful manipulations and seven cultured species, which covered major lineages of Parabasalia. Their protein sequenceswereconcatenatedandanalyzedwithsequencesofpreviouslyandnewlyidentifiedglyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and the small-subunit rRNA gene. This con