Monoamine Oxidase A Gene (MAOA) Associated with Attitude Towards Longshot Risks 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Monoamine Oxidase A Gene (MAOA) Associated with Attitude Towards Longshot Risks 英文参考文献.doc

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Monoamine Oxidase A Gene (MAOA) Associated with Attitude Towards Longshot Risks 英文参考文献

MonoamineOxidaseAGene(MAOA)Associatedwith AttitudeTowardsLongshotRisks SongfaZhong1,SalomonIsrael2,HongXue3,RichardP.Ebstein2,4,SooHongChew1,5 * 1Center for Experimental Business Research and Department of Economics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special AdministrativeRegion,2ScheinfeldCenterofHumanGeneticsforSocialSciences,HebrewUniversity,Jerusalem,Israel,3AppliedGenomicsLaboratoryandDepartment ofBiochemistry,HongKongUniversityofScienceandTechnology,HongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegion,4HerzogMemorialHospital,GivatShaul,Jerusalem,Israel, 5DepartmentofEconomicsandDepartmentofFinance,NationalUniversityofSingapore,Singapore,Singapore Abstract Decisionmakingoftenentailslongshotrisksinvolvingasmallchanceofreceivingasubstantialoutcome.Peopletendtobe riskpreferring(averse)whenfacinglongshotrisksinvolvingsignificantgains(losses).Thisdifferentiationtowardslongshot risksunderpinsthemarketsforlotteryaswellasforinsurance.Bothlotteryandinsurancehaveemergedsinceancienttimes andcontinuetoplay auseful rolein themoderneconomy. Inthis study, weobserve subjects’incentivizedchoices ina controlled laboratory setting, and investigate their association with a widely studied, promoter-region repeat functional polymorphism in monoamine oxidase A gene (MAOA). We find that subjects with the high activity (4-repeat) allele are characterizedbyapreferenceforthelongshotlotteryandalsolessinsurancepurchasingthansubjectswiththelowactivity (3-repeat) allele. This is the first result to link attitude towards longshot risks to a specific gene. It complements recent findingsontheneurobiologicalbasisofeconomicrisktaking. Citation: ZhongS,Israel S,XueH,EbsteinRP,ChewSH(2009)MonoamineOxidaseAGene(MAOA)AssociatedwithAttitudeTowardsLongshotRisks.PLoS ONE4(12):e8516.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008516 Editor:ColinCamerer,CaliforniaInstituteofTechnology,UnitedStatesofAmerica ReceivedJuly16,2009;AcceptedDecember4,2009;PublishedDecember31,2009 Copyright: ? 2009 Zhong et al