Multilevel Compression of Random Walks on Networks Reveals Hierarchical Organization in Large Integrated Systems 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Multilevel Compression of Random Walks on Networks Reveals Hierarchical Organization in Large Integrated Systems 英文参考文献.doc

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Multilevel Compression of Random Walks on Networks Reveals Hierarchical Organization in Large Integrated Systems 英文参考文献

MultilevelCompressionofRandomWalksonNetworks RevealsHierarchicalOrganizationinLargeIntegrated Systems MartinRosvall1*,CarlT.Bergstrom2,3 1IntegratedScienceLab,DepartmentofPhysics,Umea?University,Umea?,Sweden,2DepartmentofBiology,UniversityofWashington,Seattle,Washington,UnitedStates ofAmerica,3SantaFeInstitute,SantaFe,NewMexico,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract To comprehend the hierarchical organization of large integrated systems, we introduce the hierarchical map equation, which reveals multilevel structures in networks. In this information-theoretic approach, we exploit the duality between compressionandpatterndetection;bycompressingadescriptionofarandomwalkerasaproxyforrealflowonanetwork, we find regularities in the network that induce this system-wide flow. Finding the shortest multilevel description of the random walker therefore gives us the best hierarchical clustering of the network — the optimal number of levels and modularpartitionateachlevel—withrespecttothedynamicsonthenetwork.Withanovelsearchalgorithm,weextract andillustratetherichmultilevelorganizationofseverallargesocialandbiologicalnetworks.Forexample,fromtheglobal airtrafficnetworkweuncovercountriesandcontinents,andfromthepatternofscientificcommunicationwerevealmore than100scientificfieldsorganizedinfourmajordisciplines:lifesciences,physicalsciences,ecologyandearthsciences,and social sciences. In general, we find shallow hierarchical structures in globally interconnected systems, such as neural networks,andrichmultilevelorganizationsinsystemswithhighlyseparatedregions,suchasroadnetworks. Citation: Rosvall M, Bergstrom CT (2011) Multilevel Compression of Random Walks on Networks Reveals Hierarchical Organization in Large Integrated Systems.PLoSONE6(4):e18209.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0018209 Editor:FabioRapallo,UniversityofEastPiedmont,Italy ReceivedJanuary15,2011;AcceptedFebruary22,2011;PublishedApril8,2011 Copyright:?2011Rosvall,Bergstrom.Thisisanopen-accessarticledistributedunderthetermsoftheCreat