Mycobacterium ulcerans and Other Mycolactone-Producing Mycobacteria Should Be Considered a Single Species 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Mycobacterium ulcerans and Other Mycolactone-Producing Mycobacteria Should Be Considered a Single Species 英文参考文献.doc

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Mycobacterium ulcerans and Other Mycolactone-Producing Mycobacteria Should Be Considered a Single Species 英文参考文献

Viewpoints MycobacteriumulceransandOtherMycolactone- ProducingMycobacteriaShouldBeConsideredaSingle Species SachaJ.Pidot1,2,KingsleyAsiedu3,MichaelKa¨ser4,5,JanetA.M.Fyfe6,TimothyP.Stinear1,2* 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University ofMelbourne, Melbourne, Australia, 2Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia, 3World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 4Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute,Basel, Switzerland, 5University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland, 6Victorian InfectiousDiseasesReferenceLaboratory,NorthMelbourne,Australia The nomenclature of Mycobacterium ul- cerans has become confused with the discovery that other mycobacteria that are not necessarily associated with Buruli ulcer also produce the lipid toxin myco- lactone.Thesemycobacteria—collectively known as mycolactone-producing myco- parisons have shown that these species over 4,000 genes with 98.3% common M.marinum progenitor [5,11,12] and have then diverged again into two distinct lineages, with both lineages bear- ing strains that cause Buruli ulcer [5,13] (Figure1). share averageDNAsequenceidentity[2].How- are also some important ever, there genetic differences between them. DNA– DNA hybridisation (DDH) analysis con- firmed their status as distinct species, as inter-species relative hybridisation ratios (RBR)werelessthan40%[3,4].Thelow RBRisexplainedbyanumberoffeatures uniquetoM.ulcerans,suchasthepresence of a large virulence plasmid (pMUM) ThenewspeciesassignationsforMPM havenotconsideredtheirgenomiccontext and have been based on variable pheno- typic characteristics (such as colony mor- phology and in vitro growth rates) and limited, monophyletic rRNA, hsp65 , or rpoB analyses, which have shown these mycobacteria have a few unique nucleo- tidesequenceswhencomparedtoasmall number of allele sequences in GenBank. However, more complex and time-con- suming DDH analyses, which, together with 16S rRNA sequencing, are the prescribed methods for defin