Neurochemical Architecture of the Central Complex Related to Its Function in the Control of Grasshopper Acoustic Communication 英文参考文献.docVIP

NeurochemicalArchitectureoftheCentralComplex RelatedtoItsFunctionintheControlofGrasshopper AcousticCommunication MichaelKunst¤,RamonaPfo¨rtner,KatjaAschenbrenner,RalfHeinrich* DepartmentofCellularNeurobiology,InstituteforZoology,UniversityofGo¨ttingen,Go¨ttingen,Germany Abstract The central complex selects and coordinates the species- and situation-specific song production in acoustically communicating grasshoppers. Control of sound production is mediated by several neurotransmitters and modulators, theirreceptorsandintracellularsignalingpathways.Ithaspreviouslybeenshownthatmuscariniccholinergicexcitationin the central complex promotes sound production whereas both GABA and nitric oxide/cyclic GMP signaling suppress its performance.ThepresentimmunocytochemicalandpharmacologicalstudyinvestigatesthequestionwhetherGABAand nitricoxidemediateinhibitionofsoundproductionindependently.MuscarinicAChreceptorsareexpressedbycolumnar outputneuronsofthecentralcomplexthatinnervatethelowerdivisionofthecentralbodyandterminateinthelateral accessory lobes. GABAergic tangential neurons that innervate the lower division of the central body arborize in close proximity of columnar neurons and thus may directly inhibit these central complex output neurons. A subset of these GABAergic tangential neurons accumulates cyclic GMP following the release of nitric oxide from neurites in the upper division of the central body. While sound production stimulated by muscarine injection into the central complex is suppressedbyco-applicationofsodiumnitroprusside,picrotoxin-stimulatedsingingwasnotaffectedbyco-applicationof this nitric oxide donor, indicating that nitric oxide mediated inhibition requires functional GABA signaling. Hence, grasshoppersoundproductioniscontrolledbyprocessingofinformationinthelowerdivisionofthecentralbodywhichis subjecttomodulationbynitricoxidereleasedfromneuronsintheupperdivision. Citation:KunstM,Pfo¨rtnerR,AschenbrennerK,HeinrichR(2011)NeurochemicalArchitectureoftheCentr