Non-Linear Elasticity of Extracellular Matrices Enables Contractile Cells to Communicate Local Position and Orientation 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Non-Linear Elasticity of Extracellular Matrices Enables Contractile Cells to Communicate Local Position and Orientation 英文参考文献.doc

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Non-Linear Elasticity of Extracellular Matrices Enables Contractile Cells to Communicate Local Position and Orientation 英文参考文献

Non-LinearElasticityofExtracellularMatricesEnables ContractileCellstoCommunicateLocalPositionand Orientation JessamineP.Winer1,2*,ShainaOake2,PaulA.Janmey1,2,3 1DepartmentofBioengineering,UniversityofPennsylvania,Philadelphia,Pennsylvania,UnitedStatesofAmerica,2InstituteforMedicineEngineering,Universityof Pennsylvania,Philadelphia,Pennsylvania,UnitedStatesofAmerica,3DepartmentofPhysiology,UniversityofPennsylvania,Philadelphia,Pennsylvania,UnitedStatesof America Abstract Mosttissuecellsgrowninsparseculturesonlinearlyelasticsubstratestypicallydisplayasmall,roundphenotypeonsoft substrates and become increasingly spread as the modulus of the substrate increases until their spread area reaches a maximumvalue.Ascelldensityincreases,individualcellsretainthesamestiffness-dependentdifferencesunlesstheyare verycloseorinmolecularcontact.Onnonlinearstrain-stiffeningfibringels,thesamecelltypesbecomemaximallyspread evenwhenthelowstrainelasticmoduluswouldpredictaroundmorphology,andcellsareinfluencedbythepresenceof neighborshundredsofmicronsaway.Timelapsemicroscopyrevealsthatfibroblastsandhumanmesenchymalstemcells onfibrindeformthesubstratebyseveralmicronsuptofivecelllengthsawayfromtheirplasmamembranethroughaforce limitedmechanism.Atomicforcemicroscopyandrheologyconfirmthatthesestrainslocallyandgloballystiffenthegel, depending on cell density, and this effect leads to long distance cell-cell communication and alignment. Thus cells are acutely responsive to the nonlinear elasticity of their substrates and can manipulate this rheological property to induce patterning. Citation: Winer JP, Oake S, Janmey PA (2009) Non-Linear Elasticity of Extracellular Matrices Enables Contractile Cells to Communicate Local Position and Orientation.PLoSONE4(7):e6382.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0006382 Editor:LaurentKreplak,DalhousieUniversity,Canada ReceivedApril27,2009;AcceptedJune18,2009;PublishedJuly24,2009 Copyright: ? 2009 Winer et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of t