Non-Visual Effects of Light on Melatonin, Alertness and Cognitive Performance Can Blue-Enriched Light Keep Us Alert 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Non-Visual Effects of Light on Melatonin, Alertness and Cognitive Performance Can Blue-Enriched Light Keep Us Alert 英文参考文献.doc

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Non-Visual Effects of Light on Melatonin, Alertness and Cognitive Performance Can Blue-Enriched Light Keep Us Alert 英文参考文献

Non-VisualEffectsofLightonMelatonin,Alertnessand CognitivePerformance:CanBlue-EnrichedLightKeepUs Alert? SarahLaxhmiChellappa1,2,RolandSteiner3,PeterBlattner4,PeterOelhafen3,ThomasGo¨tz1 ,Christian Cajochen1* 1Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland, 2The CAPES Foundation/Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasilia, Brazil, 3DepartmentofPhysics,UniversityofBasel,Basel,Switzerland,4FederalOfficeofMetrology(METAS),Bern-Wabern,Switzerland Abstract Background:Lightexposurecancascadenumerouseffectsonthehumancircadianprocessviathenon-imagingforming system,whosespectralrelevanceishighestintheshort-wavelengthrange.Hereweinvestigatedifcommerciallyavailable compactfluorescentlampswithdifferentcolourtemperaturescanimpactonalertnessandcognitiveperformance. Methods:Sixteenhealthyyoungmenwerestudiedinabalancedcross-overdesignwithlightexposureof3differentlight settings(compactfluorescentlampswithlightof40luxat6500Kandat2500Kandincandescentlampsof40luxat3000K) during2hintheevening. Results:Exposuretolightat6500Kinducedgreatermelatoninsuppression,togetherwithenhancedsubjectivealertness, well-beingandvisualcomfort.Withrespecttocognitiveperformance,lightat6500Kledtosignificantlyfasterreactiontimes intasksassociatedwithsustainedattention(PsychomotorVigilanceandGO/NOGOTask),butnotintasksassociatedwith executive function (Paced Visual Serial Addition Task). This cognitive improvement was strongly related with attenuated salivarymelatoninlevels,particularlyforthelightconditionat6500K. Conclusions:Ourfindingssuggestthatthesensitivityofthehumanalertingandcognitiveresponsetopolychromaticlight at levels as low as 40 lux, is blue-shifted relative to the three-cone visual photopic system. Thus, the selection of commercially available compact fluorescent lights with different colour temperatures significantly impacts on circadian physiologyandcognitiveperformanceathomeandintheworkplace. Citation:ChellappaSL,SteinerR,BlattnerP,OelhafenP,Go¨tzT