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Nuclear imaging of inflammation homing-associated molecules as targets 英文参考文献.doc

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Nuclear imaging of inflammation homing-associated molecules as targets 英文参考文献

Autioetal.EJNMMIResearch2013,3:1 /content/3/1/1 REVIEW OpenAccess Nuclearimagingofinflammation: homing-associatedmoleculesastargets AnuAutio1,SirpaJalkanen2andAnneRoivainen1,3* Abstract Thegoldenstandardinnuclearmedicineimagingofinflammationistheuseofautologousradiolabeledleukocytes. Althoughtheirdiagnosticaccuracyisprecise,thepreparationoftheleukocytesisbothlaboriousandpotentially hazardousforlaboratorypersonnel.Moleculesinvolvedinleukocytemigration(homing-associatedmolecules)could serveastargetsforthedevelopmentofimagingagentsforinflammation.Anexcellenttargetwouldbeamolecule thatisabsentorexpressedatlowlevelsinhealthytissues,butispresentorupregulatedatthesitesof inflammation.Inthispaper,wewillreviewtheliteratureconcerningtheuseofhoming-associatedmoleculesas imagingtargets.Wewillespeciallyconcentrateonvascularadhesionprotein-1duetothepromisingresults regardingitsuseasatargetfortheimagingofinflammation. Keywords:Inflammation,Invivoimaging,Positronemissiontomography,Vascularadhesionprotein-1 Review Nuclear imaging agents usedforinflammation imaging Introduction Nuclear imaging modalities, such as single photon emis- Noninvasive imaging of inflammation could be a highly sioncomputedtomography(SPECT)andPET,offerfunc- valuable tool as it could help diagnosing many inflam- tionalandmolecularinformationwithhighsensitivity.Of matory conditions, such as osteomyelitis, rheumatoid these two imagingmodalities, PET ismoresensitiveand arthritis, sarcoidosis, inflammatory bowel disease, and allows for quantitative imaging in a clinical setting [3]. fever of unknown origin [1,2]. Even though there are The combination of molecular/functional and anatomic several imaging agents used for the imaging of inflam- imagingispreferredinordertoidentifytheexactlocation mation by nuclear medicine, none of them are specific ofthefunctionalSPECT/PETsignal. for inflammation [2]. Specific imaging of inflammatory Most of the imaging agents for inflammation imaging processesisademandingtask