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Nuclear Import of HIV-1 Complex Relies on a Surprise Player tRNA 英文参考文献
Synopses of Research Articles
A Flexible Syntaxin Solves the Mystery of the SNAREd Munc
Richard Robinson | DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0040359
Fusion of two plasma membranes is
central to exocytosis, the process by
which a cell secretes neurotransmitters,
digestive enzymes, and other products.
If you believe the simple diagrams in
introductory biology textbooks, you’d
think this fusion occurs as soon as two
membranes touch. Not so—in fact,
membrane fusion requires interaction
among a complex set of proteins in
the membranes, collectively termed
SNARE proteins. SNAREs are assisted
by a second group, called SM proteins,
which bind to them and help promote
their functions.
Among the SM proteins, one, called
Munc18-1, has stood out as something
of an oddball. When the others bind
to their respective SNAREs, they leave
the SNAREs in an open conformation,
available for interacting with others
and forming the complexes that
drive membrane fusion. In contrast,
Munc18-1 appears to fold its SNARE,
syntaxin 1, into a closed conformation,
making it unavailable for binding to
other SNAREs. But this result has
been obtained only in membrane-
free solutions, and the behavior of
membrane-bound Munc18-1 has been
a mystery. A new study by Felipe Zilly,
Thorsten Lang, and colleagues resolves
the mystery of the syntaxin–Munc18-
1 interaction and explains how their
binding promotes interactions with
other SNAREs.
been shown that the addition of
synaptobrevin drives syntaxin (without
Munc18-1) in conjunction with
SNAP-25 (the third SNARE essential
for neuroexocytosis) into SNARE
complexes. They reasoned that adding
synaptobrevin to syntaxin–Munc18-1
would not drive syntaxin into SNARE
complexes if syntaxin remained
closed. Conversely, if syntaxin could
partially open while bound to Munc18-
1, it would be able to interact with
synaptobrevin and join the SNARE
complex. And this is what they
found—when synaptobrevin was added,
syntaxin unhitched from Munc18-1 and
joined the SNARE complex
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