Of Asian Forests and European Fields Eastern U.S. Plant Invasions in a Global Floristic Context 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Of Asian Forests and European Fields Eastern U.S. Plant Invasions in a Global Floristic Context 英文参考文献.doc

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Of Asian Forests and European Fields Eastern U.S. Plant Invasions in a Global Floristic Context 英文参考文献

OfAsianForestsandEuropeanFields:EasternU.S.Plant InvasionsinaGlobalFloristicContext JasonD.Fridley* DepartmentofBiology,SyracuseUniversity,Syracuse,NewYork,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Background:Biogeographicpatternsofspeciesinvasionsholdimportantcluestosolvingtherecalcitrant‘who’,‘where’,and ‘why’questionsofinvasionbiology,butthefewexistingstudiesmakenoattempttodistinguishalienfloras(allnon-native occurrences) from invasive floras (rapidly spreading species of significant management concern), nor have invasion biologistsaskedwhetherparticularhabitatsareconsistentlyinvadedbyspeciesfromparticularregions. Methodology/PrincipalFindings:HereIdescribethenativefloristicprovenancesofthe2629alienplanttaxaoftheEastern DeciduousForestoftheEasternU.S.(EUS),andcontrastthesetothesubsetof449taxathatEUSmanagementagencies havelabeled‘invasive’.AlthoughEUSalienplantscomefromallglobalfloristicregions,nearlyhalf(45%)havenativeranges thatincludecentralandnorthernEuropeortheMediterranean(39%).Incontrast,EUSinvasivespeciesaremostlikelyto comefromEastAsia(29%),apatternthatismagnifiedwhentheinvasivepoolisrestrictedtospeciesthatarenativetoa single floristic region (25% from East Asia, compared to only 11% from northern/central Europe and 2% from the Mediterranean).Moreover,EastAsianinvadersaremostlywoody(56%,comparedtojust23%ofthetotalalienflora)andare significantly more likely to invade intact forests and riparian areas than European species, which dominate managed or disturbedecosystems. Conclusions/Significance: These patterns suggest that the often-invoked ‘imperialist dogma’ view of global invasions equatinginvasioneventswiththespreadofEuropeancolonialismisatbestarestrictedframeworkforinvasionindisturbed ecosystems. Thisviewmust besuperseded by abiogeographic invasiontheory that is explicitlyhabitat-specific andcan explainwhyparticularworldbiotastendtodominateparticularenvironments. Citation:FridleyJD(2008)OfAsianForestsandEuropeanFields:EasternU.S.PlantInvasionsinaGlobalFloristi