Of Asian Forests and European Fields Eastern U.S. Plant Invasions in a Global Floristic Context 英文参考文献.docVIP
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Of Asian Forests and European Fields Eastern U.S. Plant Invasions in a Global Floristic Context 英文参考文献
OfAsianForestsandEuropeanFields:EasternU.S.Plant
InvasionsinaGlobalFloristicContext
JasonD.Fridley*
DepartmentofBiology,SyracuseUniversity,Syracuse,NewYork,UnitedStatesofAmerica
Abstract
Background:Biogeographicpatternsofspeciesinvasionsholdimportantcluestosolvingtherecalcitrant‘who’,‘where’,and
‘why’questionsofinvasionbiology,butthefewexistingstudiesmakenoattempttodistinguishalienfloras(allnon-native
occurrences) from invasive floras (rapidly spreading species of significant management concern), nor have invasion
biologistsaskedwhetherparticularhabitatsareconsistentlyinvadedbyspeciesfromparticularregions.
Methodology/PrincipalFindings:HereIdescribethenativefloristicprovenancesofthe2629alienplanttaxaoftheEastern
DeciduousForestoftheEasternU.S.(EUS),andcontrastthesetothesubsetof449taxathatEUSmanagementagencies
havelabeled‘invasive’.AlthoughEUSalienplantscomefromallglobalfloristicregions,nearlyhalf(45%)havenativeranges
thatincludecentralandnorthernEuropeortheMediterranean(39%).Incontrast,EUSinvasivespeciesaremostlikelyto
comefromEastAsia(29%),apatternthatismagnifiedwhentheinvasivepoolisrestrictedtospeciesthatarenativetoa
single floristic region (25% from East Asia, compared to only 11% from northern/central Europe and 2% from the
Mediterranean).Moreover,EastAsianinvadersaremostlywoody(56%,comparedtojust23%ofthetotalalienflora)andare
significantly more likely to invade intact forests and riparian areas than European species, which dominate managed or
disturbedecosystems.
Conclusions/Significance: These patterns suggest that the often-invoked ‘imperialist dogma’ view of global invasions
equatinginvasioneventswiththespreadofEuropeancolonialismisatbestarestrictedframeworkforinvasionindisturbed
ecosystems. Thisviewmust besuperseded by abiogeographic invasiontheory that is explicitlyhabitat-specific andcan
explainwhyparticularworldbiotastendtodominateparticularenvironments.
Citation:FridleyJD(2008)OfAsianForestsandEuropeanFields:EasternU.S.PlantInvasionsinaGlobalFloristi
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