Observing the Forest Canopy with a New Ultra-Violet Compact Airborne Lidar 英文参考文献.docVIP

Sensors 2010, 10, 7386-7403; doi:10.3390/s100807386 OPEN ACCESS sensors ISSN 1424-8220 /journal/sensors Article Observing the Forest Canopy with a New Ultra-Violet Compact Airborne Lidar Juan Cuesta 1,2,*, Patrick Chazette 3, Tristan Allouis 4, Pierre H. Flamant 1, Sylvie Durrieu 4, Joseph Sanak 3, Pascal Genau 2, Dominique Guyon 5, Denis Loustau 5 and Cyrille Flamant 2 1 Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique–IPSL/école Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France; E-Mail: flamant@lmd.polytechnique.fr 2 Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales–IPSL/75252 Paris, France; E-Mails: pascal.genau@latmos.ipsl.fr (P.G.); cyrille.flamant@latmos.ipsl.fr (C.F.) 3 Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et l’Environnement–IPSL/91191 Saclay, France; E-Mails: patrick.chazette@lsce.ipsl.fr (P.C.); joseph.sanak@cea.fr (J.S.) 4 UMR TETIS, Cemagref/34196 Montpellier, France; E-Mails: tristan.allouis@teledetection.fr (T.A.); sylvie@teledetection.fr (S.D.) 5 INRA, UR1263 EPHYSE, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France; E-Mails: guyon@bordeaux.inra.fr (D.G.); denis.loustau@pierroton.inra.fr (D.L.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: cuesta@lmd.polytechnique.fr; Tel.: +33-1-69-33-51-37; Fax: +33-1-69-33-51-08. Received: 6 May 2010; in revised form: 1 June 2010 / Accepted:21 June 2010 / Published: 6 August 2010 Abstract: We have developed a new airborne UV lidar for the forest canopy and deployed it in the Landes forest (France). It is the first one that: (i) operates at 355 nm for emitting energetic pulses of 16 mJ at 20 Hz while fulfilling eye-safety regulations and (ii) is flown onboard an ultra-light airplane for enhanced flight flexibility. Laser footprints at ground level were 2.4 m wide for a flying altitude of 300 m. Three test areas of ~500 × 500 m2 with Maritime pines of different ages were investigated. We used a threshold method adapted for this lidar to accurately extract from its waveforms detaile