On sire evaluation with uncertain paternity 英文参考文献.docVIP

On sire evaluation with uncertain paternity 1 INRA, Station de Génétique Quantitative, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; 2 Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics Research, 3 (Received 28 November 1989; accepted 21 May 1990) estimator of the location parameter 0 of a normal distribution in situations where to the assignment of data to some effects (eg sire) of 0. This algorithm has a simple form, related to the mixed model equations, and is easy to program and to apply. Second order algorithms can also be used for The objective of this note is to correct formulae needed for such algorithms given by FGP, and to describe an alternative computing procedure based on the method of scoring. Let L(O) be the logposterior density; the first derivatives can be written as: W tj being an incidence column vector (p,l) pertaining to the ith observation * = is the true sire, (i 1,2,..., n), given j  Differentiating (1) again, one obtains the expression for the negative Hessian of L(O), ie: R!k is an (n x n) diagonal matrix pertaining to sires j and k with ith element is the same as in FGP and 6jk is the Kronecker delta, equal to 1 if j = k or 0 otherwise. Note that these formulae are slightly different from those given by FGP (Appen- = dix B, p 99). Actually, formula reduces to their expression [B4] when j k and (5) j) (given j being the true sire) pertaining to the ,0 and u elements this system can be expressed more explicitly as:  develop a scoring procedure by taking in (4) the or, more explicitly: is the jk element of the numerator a a hk and = hj respectively. relationship k, matrix A; if j = z = z Finally, it must be kept in mind that dquo;regulardquo; mixed model equations can also be used as an alternative to (4) as shown recently by Im (1989). The same corrections apply to Foulley and Elsen (1988) on p 233. Their expression [23b] should read:  Vlm is unaltered Foulley JL, Gianola D, Planchenault (1987) Sire evaluation w