Olfactory Imprinting of Amino Acids in Lacustrine Sockeye Salmon 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Olfactory Imprinting of Amino Acids in Lacustrine Sockeye Salmon 英文参考文献.doc

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Olfactory Imprinting of Amino Acids in Lacustrine Sockeye Salmon 英文参考文献

OlfactoryImprintingofAminoAcidsinLacustrine SockeyeSalmon YuzoYamamoto,HiroshiHino,HiroshiUeda* LaboratoryofAquaticBioresourcesandEcosystem,FieldScienceCenterforNorthernBiosphereandDivisionofBiosphereScience,GraduateSchoolofEnvironmental Science,HokkaidoUniversity,Sapporo,Hokkaido,Japan Abstract Juvenilesalmonhaveanolfactoryabilitytoimprinttheirnatalstreamodors,butneithertheodorpropertiesofnatalstream water nor the imprinting timing and duration have been clarified as yet. Here we show, using electrophysiological and behavioral experiments, that one-year-old lacustrine sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) can be imprinted around the stageofparr-smolttransformation(PST)byasingleaminoacid,1 mML-proline(Pro),orL-glutamicacid(Glu).Wealsoshow byreal-timePCRthatchangesoccurinmRNAlevelsofthesalmonolfactoryimprinting-relatedgene(SOIG)aroundPST.The electro-olfactogram (EOG)responses of testfishexposed toProin March (beforePST)andApril–June (duringPST)for2 weeksweresignificantly(1.7-fold)greaterthanthoseofnon-exposedcontrolfish,butnotthoseoftestfishexposedinJuly (after PST). When Pro and control water were added to the water inlets of a two-choice test tank during the spawning season2yearsafterthetestwaterexposure,80%ofmaturingandmaturedtestfishexposedbeforeandduringPSTshowed apreference forPro,whereas thoseexposed after PSTdidnot.TheEOGresponse oftestfishexposed toProorGlufor 1hour,6hours,1day,7days,or14daysinMayrevealedthatonlytheresponseafter14daysofexposurewassignificantly (1.8-fold)greaterthanthecontrol.TheexpressionlevelsofSOIGmRNAincreasedbeforeandduringPST,anddecreased afterPST.Weconcludethatone-year-oldlacustrinesockeyesalmoncanbeimprintedbyasingleaminoacidbeforeand duringPST,andthatimprintingrequiresexposureforatleast14days. Citation: Yamamoto Y, Hino H, Ueda H (2010) Olfactory Imprinting of Amino Acids in Lacustrine Sockeye Salmon. PLoS ONE 5(1): e8633. doi:10.1371/ journal.pone.0008633 Editor:Bjo¨rnBrembs,FreieUniversitaetBerlin,Germany ReceivedJune18,