Ochratoxin A and Aflatoxins in Liquorice Products 英文参考文献.docVIP

Toxins 2010, 2, 758-770; doi:10.3390/toxins2040758 OPEN ACCESS toxins ISSN 2072-6651 /journal/toxins Article Ochratoxin A and Aflatoxins in Liquorice Products Amedeo Pietri *, Silvia Rastelli and Terenzio Bertuzzi Istituto di Scienze degli Alimenti e della Nutrizione, Facoltà di Agraria, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense, 84 I-29100 Piacenza, Italy; E-Mail: terenzio.bertuzzi@unicatt.it (T.B.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: amedeo.pietri@unicatt.it; Tel.: +39 523 599264; Fax: +39 523 599259. Received: 26 February 2010; in revised form: 9 April 2010 / Accepted: 19 April 2010 / Published: 20 April 2010 Abstract: The occurrence of ochratoxin A (OTA) and aflatoxins (AFs) in liquorice products made in Italy was surveyed. Twenty-eight samples of dried liquorice extract and fifty-four of liquorice confectionery (liquorice content between 2 and 10%) were collected from retail outlets located in northern Italy. After extraction and purification through an immunoaffinity column, OTA and AFs were analysed using both HPLC-FLD and HPLC-MS/MS. OTA occurred in all samples of dried liquorice extract and in 61% of samples of liquorice confectionery, showing very high values for the former (mean 89.6 μg kg-1, maximum value 990.1 μg kg-1), and relatively low levels for the latter (mean 0.96 μg kg-1, maximum value 8.3 μg kg-1). The contribution of dried liquorice extract to OTA intake appears to be non-negligible for children, who are potentially high consumers. AF contamination resulted very low: AFB1 was detected only in 15.8% of samples (maximum value 7.7 μg kg-1, mean 0.38 and 0.41 μg kg-1 for dried liquorice extract and liquorice confectionery, respectively); the other AFs were not detected. To our knowledge, it is the first time that AFB1 has been detected in liquorice extract samples. Keywords: ochratoxin; aflatoxins; liquorice 1