Ochratoxins in Feed, a Risk for Animal and Human Health Control Strategies 英文参考文献.docVIP

Toxins 2010, 2, 1065-1077; doi:10.3390/toxins2051065 OPEN ACCESS toxins ISSN 2072-6651 /journal/toxins Review Ochratoxins in Feed, a Risk for Animal and Human Health: Control Strategies Muzaffer Denli 1 and Jose F. Perez 2,* 1 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Dicle University, 21280, Diyarbakir, Turkey; E-Mail: muzaffer.denli@ 2 Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain ? Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: josefrancisco.perez@uab.es. Received: 1 March 2010; in revised form: 15 March 2010 / Accepted: 12 May 2010 / Published: 13 May 2010 Abstract: Ochratoxin A (OTA) has been shown to be a potent nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic, and teratogenic compound. In farm animals, the intake of feed contaminated with OTA affects animal health and productivity, and may result in the presence of OTA in the animal products. Strategies for the control of OTA in food products require early identification and elimination of contaminated commodities from the food chain. However, current analytical protocols may fail to identify contaminated products, especially in animal feed. The present paper discusses the impact of OTA on human and animal health, with special emphasis on the potential risks of OTA residue in animal products, and control strategies applied in the feed industry. Keywords: ochratoxins; toxicity; human; animals; control strategies 1. Introduction Ochratoxin A (OTA) is one of the several fungal mycotoxins that have aroused significant public concern worldwide. The disease caused by OTA exposure is known as ochratoxicosis, and the primary target is the kidney. Epidemiological studies show that OTA may be involved in the pathogenesis of different forms of human nephropathies, including kidney cancer [1–3]. Tumor incidence data from long-term animal studies also provides reasons for concern about