Object-Based Classification of Urban Areas Using VHR Imagery and Height Points Ancillary Data 英文参考文献.docVIP

Remote Sens. 2012, 4, 2256-2276; doi:10.3390/rs4082256 OPEN ACCESS Remote Sensing ISSN 2072-4292 /journal/remotesensing Article Object-Based Classification of Urban Areas Using VHR Imagery and Height Points Ancillary Data Bahram Salehi 1,*, Yun Zhang 1, Ming Zhong 2 and Vivek Dey 1 1 Department of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, University of New Brunswick, 15 Dineen Dr., Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada; E-Mails: yunzhang@unb.ca (Y.Z.); d1991@unb.ca (V.D.) 2 Department of Civil Engineering, University of New Brunswick, 15 Dineen Dr., Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada; E-Mail: ming@unb.ca * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: bsalehi@unb.ca; Tel.: +1-506-452-6134; Fax: +1-506-453-4943. Received: 10 June 2012; in revised form: 20 July 2012 / Accepted: 26 July 2012 / Published: 3 August 2012 Abstract: Land cover classification of very high resolution (VHR) imagery over urban areas is an extremely challenging task. Impervious land covers such as buildings, roads, and parking lots are spectrally too similar to be separated using only the spectral information of VHR imagery. Additional information, therefore, is required for separating such land covers by the classifier. One source of additional information is the vector data, which are available in archives for many urban areas. Further, the object-based approach provides a more effective way to incorporate vector data into the classification process as the misregistration between different layers is less problematic in object-based compared to pixel-based image analysis. In this research, a hierarchical rule-based object-based classification framework was developed based on a small subset of QuickBird (QB) imagery coupled with a layer of height points called Spot Height (SH) to classify a complex urban environment. In the rule-set, different spectral, morphological, contextual, class-related, and t